json 对c++类的序列化(自动生成代码)

【动机】

      之前写网络协议的时候，使用的是google protobuf，protobuf不但在性能和扩展性上有很好的优势，protoc自动生成c++类代码的工具，这点确实给程序员带来了很多便利。

做后面一项目使用的json格式来传输，然后就萌生了实现像protoc这样的工具，根据json文件来生成c++类代码，并且生成序列化代码，这样在写网络的时候就无需把jsonvalue序列化散落在各处。

【思路】

     之前写object-c的时候，如果你要对类的序列化，你必须实现NSCoding协议(接口), 这样的实现方式很友好，同样，我的方式则是参考NSCoding的，

【Code】

   我这里借鉴网友的一个json序列化实现方式，感觉这种方式很方便，他是通过模板来实现对内置类型的识别，而且对所有的类型都使用了统一接口：

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Promit Roy
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//          From: http://ventspace.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/c-json-serialization/
//      FileName: json_serializer_helper.hpp
//        Modify: Sachin
//          Date: 2013/9/22 13:41
//   Description: 
//
// History:
//      <author>    <time>        <descript>
//     Sachin    2013/9/22      add
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef JSON_SERIALIZER_HELPER_HPP
#define JSON_SERIALIZER_HELPER_HPP
#include <lib_json/json_lib.h>
#include <boost/utility.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>

#define NVP(name) #name, name
#define SerializeNVP(name) Serialize(NVP(name))

#define DeSerializeNVP(name) DeSerialize(NVP(name))

class JsonSerializerHelper {
 private:
  //SFINAE garbage to detect whether a type has a Serialize member
  struct serialize_not_found {};
  typedef serialize_not_found SerializeNotFound;
  struct SerializeFound { char x[2]; };

  template<typename T, void (T::*)(JsonSerializerHelper&) const>
  struct SerializeTester { };
    
  template<typename T>
  static SerializeFound SerializeTest(SerializeTester<T, &T::Serialize>*);  
  template<typename T>
  static SerializeNotFound SerializeTest(...);

  template<typename T>
  struct HasSerialize
  {
    static const bool value = sizeof(SerializeTest<T>(0)) == sizeof(SerializeFound);
  };

  //Serialize using a free function defined for the type (default fallback)
  template<typename TValue>
  void SerializeImpl(const TValue& value,
    typename boost::disable_if<HasSerialize<const TValue> >::type* dummy = 0)
  {
    //prototype for the serialize free function, so we will get a link error if it's missing
    //this way we don't need a header with all the serialize functions for misc types (eg math)
    void SerializeFail(const TValue&, JsonSerializerHelper&);

    SerializeFail(value, *this);
  }

  //Serialize using a member function Serialize(JsonSerializer&)
  template<typename TValue>
  void SerializeImpl(const TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<HasSerialize<const TValue> >::type* dummy = 0)
  {
    value.Serialize(*this);
  }

 private:
  //  
  struct deserialize_not_found {};
  typedef deserialize_not_found DeSerializeNotFound;

  struct DeSerializeFound { char x[2]; };  

  template<typename T, void (T::*)(const JsonSerializerHelper&)>
  struct DeSerializeTester { };
  template<typename T>
  static DeSerializeFound DeSerializeTest(DeSerializeTester<T, &T::DeSerialize>*);  
  template<typename T>
  static DeSerializeNotFound DeSerializeTest(...);

  template<typename T>
  struct HasDeSerialize
  {
    static const bool value = sizeof(DeSerializeTest<T>(0)) == sizeof(DeSerializeFound);
  };

  //Serialize using a free function defined for the type (default fallback)
  template<typename TValue>
  void DeSerializeImpl(TValue& value,
    typename boost::disable_if<HasDeSerialize<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {
    void DeSerializeFail(TValue&, const JsonSerializerHelper&);

    DeSerializeFail(value, *this);
  }

  //Serialize using a member function Serialize(JsonSerializer&)
  template<typename TValue>
  void DeSerializeImpl(TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<HasDeSerialize<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {
    value.DeSerialize(*this);
  }
public:
  JsonSerializerHelper()
  { }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_class<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0)
  {
    // class to json
    JsonSerializerHelper subVal;
    subVal.SerializeImpl(value); 
    JsonValue[key] = subVal.JsonValue;
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_class<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {
    // json to class
    JsonSerializerHelper subVal;    
    subVal.JsonValue = JsonValue[key];
    subVal.DeSerializeImpl(value);
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const Json::Value& value)
  {
    Write(key, value);
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, Json::Value& value) const
  {
    Read(key, value);
  }
  //Serialize a string value
  template<typename TKey>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const std::string& value)
  {    
    Write(key, value);
  }

  //DeSerialize a string value
  template<typename TKey>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, std::string& value) const
  {    
    Read(key, value);
  }

  //Serialize a non class type directly using JsonCpp
  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_fundamental<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0)
  {    
    Write(key, value);
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_fundamental<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {
    Read(key, value);
  }

  //Serialize an enum type to JsonCpp 
  template<typename TKey, typename TEnum>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const TEnum& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_enum<TEnum> >::type* dummy = 0)
  {
    int ival = (int) value;    
    Write(key, ival);    
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TEnum>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, TEnum& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_enum<TEnum> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {
    int ival = (int) value;
    Read(key, ival);
    value = (TEnum) ival;
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Serialize(TKey key, const std::vector<TValue>& vec)
  {
    Write(key, vec.begin(), vec.end());        
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void DeSerialize(TKey key, std::vector<TValue>& vec) const
  {
    JsonSerializerHelper subVal;
    subVal.JsonValue = JsonValue[key];
    subVal.Read(vec);
  }

  Json::Value JsonValue;

private:
  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Write(TKey key, const TValue& value)
  {
    JsonValue[key] = value;
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Write(TKey key, const std::vector<TValue>& vec)
  {

    JsonSerializerHelper subVal;
    int index = 0;
    for(typename std::vector<TValue>::const_iterator it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it)
    {
      subVal.Serialize(index, *it);
      ++index;
    }
    JsonValue[key] = subVal.JsonValue;
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TItor>
  void Write(TKey key, TItor first, TItor last)
  {
    JsonSerializerHelper subVal;
    int index = 0;
    for(TItor it = first; it != last; ++it)
    {
      subVal.Serialize(index, *it);
      ++index;
    }
    JsonValue[key] = subVal.JsonValue;
  }


  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Read(TKey key, TValue& value, typename boost::enable_if<boost::is_arithmetic<TValue> >::type* dummy = 0) const
  {    
    int ival = 0 ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isNumeric()){
      ival = JsonValue[key].asInt();
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value = (TValue) ival;
  }

  template<typename TKey, typename TValue>
  void Read(TKey key, TValue& value) const
  {
    value = JsonValue[key];
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, bool& value) const
  {
    bool bval = false ;
    bval = JsonValue[key].asBool();    
    value = bval;
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, int& value) const
  {
    int ival = 0 ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isNumeric()){
      ival = JsonValue[key].asInt();
    } else if (JsonValue[key].isString()){
      ival = atoi(JsonValue[key].asCString());         
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value = ival;
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, unsigned int& value) const
  {
    unsigned int uival = 0 ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isNumeric()){
      uival = JsonValue[key].asUInt();
    } else if (JsonValue[key].isString()){
      uival = atoi(JsonValue[key].asCString());         
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value = uival;
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, float& value) const
  {
    float fval = 0.0 ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isNumeric()){
      fval = JsonValue[key].asFloat();
    } else if (JsonValue[key].isString()){
      fval = atof(JsonValue[key].asCString());    
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value = fval;
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, double& value) const
  {
    double dval = 0.0 ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isNumeric()){
      dval = JsonValue[key].asDouble();
    } else if (JsonValue[key].isString()){
      dval = atof(JsonValue[key].asCString());    
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value = dval;
  }

  template<typename TKey>
  void Read(TKey key, std::string& value) const
  {
    std::string sval = "" ;
    if (JsonValue[key].isString()){
      sval = JsonValue[key].asString();
    } else {
      //assert(false);
    }
    value =  sval;
  }

  template<typename TValue>
  void Read(std::vector<TValue>& vec) const
  {
    if(!JsonValue.isArray())
      return;

    vec.clear();
    vec.reserve(vec.size() + JsonValue.size());
    for(int i = 0; i < JsonValue.size(); ++i)
    {
      TValue val;
      DeSerialize(i, val);
      vec.push_back(val);
    }
  }
};
#endif //JSON_SERIALIZER_HELPER_HPP

 我对原来的基础上进行了稍微改良，把DeSerialize 和Serialize分离了，每个类需要实现这两个接口，这个工具通过函数重载模板匹配对序列化做了统一的接口

【生成Cpp代码】

我们对json文件进行解析，json的dict对应c++的类，字典类的某个字段相应的类型对应c++类型，用key值作为class类型名，

【样例】

  json

{
   "image": {
       "width":  800,
       "height": 600,
       "title":  "View from 15th Floor",
       "thumbnail": {
           "url":    "http://www.example.com/image/481989943",
           "height": 125,
           "width":  "100"
       },
       "ids": [116, 943, 234, 38793]
     }
}

  c++ cpp

// Don't Edit it
#ifndef TEST_H_
#define TEST_H_

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <lib_json/json_lib.h>


class JsonSerializerHelper;

namespace net {
namespace test {


class Thumbnail {
 public:
    Thumbnail();
    ~Thumbnail(){}

    const std::string& get_url() { return url;}
    const std::string& get_url() const { return url;}
    void set_url(const std::string& url_a) {
         url = url_a; 
    }

    const std::string& get_width() { return width;}
    const std::string& get_width() const { return width;}
    void set_width(const std::string& width_a) {
         width = width_a; 
    }

    const int& get_height() { return height;}
    const int& get_height() const { return height;}
    void set_height(const int& height_a) {
         height = height_a; 
    }


    void Serialize(JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const;
    void DeSerialize(const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper);

 private:
     std::string url;
     std::string width;
     int height;

}; // class Thumbnail

class Image {
 public:
    Image();
    ~Image(){}

    const std::vector<int>& get_ids() { return ids;}
    const std::vector<int>& get_ids() const { return ids;}
    void set_ids(const std::vector<int>& ids_a) {
         ids = ids_a; 
    }

    const int& get_width() { return width;}
    const int& get_width() const { return width;}
    void set_width(const int& width_a) {
         width = width_a; 
    }

    const std::string& get_title() { return title;}
    const std::string& get_title() const { return title;}
    void set_title(const std::string& title_a) {
         title = title_a; 
    }

    Thumbnail& get_thumbnail() { return thumbnail;}
    const Thumbnail& get_thumbnail() const { return thumbnail;}
    void set_thumbnail(const Thumbnail& thumbnail_a) {
         thumbnail = thumbnail_a; 
    }

    const int& get_height() { return height;}
    const int& get_height() const { return height;}
    void set_height(const int& height_a) {
         height = height_a; 
    }


    void Serialize(JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const;
    void DeSerialize(const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper);

 private:
     std::vector<int> ids;
     int width;
     std::string title;
     Thumbnail thumbnail;
     int height;

}; // class Image

class Test {
 public:
    Test();
    ~Test(){}

    Image& get_image() { return image;}
    const Image& get_image() const { return image;}
    void set_image(const Image& image_a) {
         image = image_a; 
    }


    void Serialize(JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const;
    void DeSerialize(const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper);

 private:
     Image image;

}; // class Test

} // namespace test
} // namespace net
#endif // TEST_H_

//Don't Edit it

#include "test.h"
#include "network/net_util/json_serializer_helper.hpp"


namespace net {
namespace test {

Thumbnail::Thumbnail():        height(0){
}

void Thumbnail::Serialize(
        JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const {
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(url);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(width);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(height);
}

void Thumbnail::DeSerialize(
        const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) {
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(url);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(width);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(height);
}


Image::Image():        width(0),
        height(0){
}

void Image::Serialize(
        JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const {
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(ids);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(width);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(title);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(thumbnail);
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(height);
}

void Image::DeSerialize(
        const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) {
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(ids);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(width);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(title);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(thumbnail);
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(height);
}


Test::Test(){
}

void Test::Serialize(
        JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) const {
    json_serializer_helper.SerializeNVP(image);
}

void Test::DeSerialize(
        const JsonSerializerHelper& json_serializer_helper) {
    json_serializer_helper.DeSerializeNVP(image);
}


} // namespace test
} // namespace net

【注意】

　　1.因为json支持数组支持不同类型的值，但c++不支持，所有我这里数组里面只认识写简单的类型，但要类型一致，

      2.这里用key的首字母大写做类型名，用key值作为对象名，所以一定要保证首字母key是小写的

      3.因为不同json可能有相同的key值，所以我针对不同的json加了namespace 保护

  以上的问题，我们在开发过程中，这样的需求很少，即使有，我们也去避开这样的问题。不是去正面对抗这样的问题。因为我要自动生成解析代码，自动生成好处是自动更新，无需人为参与。

【GitHub】

https://github.com/SachinKung/json2cpp