字符集修改做过几次了，这次感觉还是有点不顺，走了弯路，再记一遍
【概况】
准备搭建RAC+RAC DG，发现两端字符集不大一致，担心到时出问题。
【目标】
将备库NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET修改成与主库一致。
--备
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET UTF8
修改为
--主
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
0、备库 修改前
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB2>set pagesize 100
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB2>col value$ for a30
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB2>select name,value$ from props$ where name like '%NLS%';
NAME VALUE$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET UTF8
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 11.2.0.4.0
20 rows selected.
1、节点2 先停掉，在节点1修改完成后再启动
[root@NODE2 ~]# ls -l /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root oinstall 8576 Jan 13 2017 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl
[root@NODE2 ~]#
[root@NODE2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.TESTDB.db' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.NODE2.vip' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'NODE1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.NODE2.vip' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.NODE2.vip' on 'NODE1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.TESTDB.db' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.FRA.dg' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'NODE1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'NODE1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.NODE2.vip' on 'NODE1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'NODE1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRSDG.dg' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'NODE2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
[root@NODE2 ~]#
2、节点1
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string +DATA/TESTDB/parameterfile/spf
ile.344.1016736315
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>create pfile from spfile;
--这样的话就直接修改上面生成的pfile文件中cluster_database=false 用pfile mount +修改INTERNAL_USE + open ，然后再创建spfile共节点2一起使用
--下面没必要修改spfile，保持spfile（两节点共享的）中cluster_database=TRUE
--alter system set cluster_database=false;
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile;
System altered.
--需要【重启】才能生效，尽管上面已经修改了
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter cluster_database
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
cluster_database boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances integer 2
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
--mv initTESTDB1.ora initTESTDB1.ora.bak，最后又mv回来了，没改回就报下面的错了
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>startup mount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initTESTDB1.ora'
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7.4826E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2261048 bytes
Variable Size 4.6976E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.7649E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 199049216 bytes
Database mounted.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.
--这一步是【重点要修改的】
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER DATABASE NATIONAL CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL16UTF16;
Database altered.
--pfile启动了，没法修改spfile了
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='*'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32001: write to SPFILE requested but no SPFILE is in use
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string
--手动修改initTESTDB1.ora中的cluster_database=true，重建spfile
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initTESTDB1.ora';
File created.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7.4826E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2261048 bytes
Variable Size 4.6976E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.7649E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 199049216 bytes
Database mounted.
--还得改回去，0->1
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=1;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=1;
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
/db_home1/dbs/spfileTESTDB1.or
a
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile sid='*';
System altered.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>alter database open;
Database altered.
--cluster_database【重启】才生效
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter cluster_database
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
cluster_database boolean FALSE
cluster_database_instances integer 1
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>shut immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7.4826E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2261048 bytes
Variable Size 4.9392E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.5233E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 199049216 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>show parameter cluster_database
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
cluster_database boolean TRUE
cluster_database_instances integer 2
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>set pagesize 100
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>col value$ for a30
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>select name,value$ from props$ where name like '%NLS%';
NAME VALUE$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE
--发现已【修改】成功
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 11.2.0.4.0
20 rows selected.
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB1>
3、第二个节点启动
[root@NODE2 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'NODE2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'NODE2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'NODE2' succeeded
--设置了自动重启，所以失败。。。
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB2>startup mount
ORA-10997: another startup/shutdown operation of this instance inprogress
ORA-09968: unable to lock file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable
Additional information: 169786
。。。自启动了。。。
--稍等发现已启动OK
PRIMARY-SYS@TESTDB2>select inst_id,instance_name,status from gv$instance;
INST_ID INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
2 TESTDB2 OPEN
1 TESTDB1 OPEN
2 rows selected.
自此两个节点都OK了
【总结】
上面可能说的有点乱，捋一捋。。。不知道说的对不对
0、做事之前要盘算计划好，眼高手低是技术一大障碍，说来都很美好，做起来总不是那么一帆风顺的，稍微一个错误浪费的时间比事前多花点时间准备好多了，当然牛人除外，能够及时处理。
1、根据节点1生成的pfile，修改cluster_database=false启动修改，然后再改回来是不是少点麻烦
2、修改字符集要关闭一个节点，在另外一个节点修改，修改前要把这个节点的cluster_database改成false（别改spfile，spfile是两个节点公用的，改了等下又要改回来，重复工作！），重启（才生效），修改时按照上面mount之后操作即可，修改后再把0改成1，cluster_database再改成true，重启（生效），启动节点2（还是修改之前的spfile额，cluster_database仍为true），结束。
【小插曲】两节点不从ASM中的spfile启动了
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
/db_home1/dbs/spfileDINPAY1.or
a
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>create pfile from spfile;
File created.
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initDINPAY1.ora';
create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initDINPAY1.ora'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32002: cannot create SPFILE already being used by the instance
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>shut immediate
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initDINPAY1.ora';
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>create spfile='+data' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs/initDINPAY1.ora';
File created.
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>shut immediate
--grid登陆查找生成spfile位置
ASMCMD> cd +DATA/dinpay/parameterfile/
ASMCMD> ls
spfile.282.1016709123
spfile.343.1016734531
spfile.344.1016736315
spfile.346.1025548589
--刚刚生成的
+DATA/dinpay/parameterfile/spfile.346.1025548589
--更新pfile，别这样create pfile from spfile;指定pfile生成位置
[oracle@zhjlrac1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home1/dbs
[oracle@szml02-db01 dbs]$ cat initDINPAY1.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/dinpay/parameterfile/spfile.346.1025548589'
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 7.4826E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2261048 bytes
Variable Size 4.9124E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 2.5501E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 199049216 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>
PRIMARY-SYS@DINPAY1>show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string +DATA/dinpay/parameterfile/spf
ile.346.1025548589
另外一个节点页如上指向这个spfile，重启OK。
如果直接使用create pfile from spfile;命令创建pfile，那么生成的pfile 文件将覆盖原有$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下的pfile 文件。 而在之前的pfile文件里面值保留了一条指向spfile存放位置的记录。 这样修改之后，就会造成数据库启动时会因为找不到spfile文件而读取本地的pfile文件，而不是共享设备上的spfile文件。这样对参数管理上就会带来麻烦，也带来其他的隐患。
所以对于RAC，要慎用 create pfile from spfile; 来创建pfile 文件， 在创建的时候，尽量指定pfile的生成位置。