《一种从JSON数据创建Java类的高效办法》
作者:chszs,转载需注明。博客主页:http://blog.csdn.net/chszs
JSON格式的数据经常会遇到,比如调用Web服务,取回的数据通常就是JSON格式的。如何高效地把JSON数据转换成实际的Java类对象,就是本文要说明的问题。
写一个操纵JSON数据的Java程序,通常代码会重度依赖于JSON API,你总是需要对JSON数据进行反序列化,再转换成原生Java对象。整个过程大致如下:
1)下载所有的JSON响应;
2)分析JSON对象的结构,映射到Java类;
3)手动煞费苦心地创建每一个Java类,键入每个Java类的私有属性名和数据类型,以匹配JSON所有对象的属性;
4)为每个Java类创建public类型的getter和setter方法。
package com.cypressnorth.demo.models.twitter; import java.util.List; public class TwitterItem{ private String contributors; private transient Geo coordinates; private String created_at; private Entities entities; private Number favorite_count; private boolean favorited; private Geo geo; private Number id; private String id_str; private String in_reply_to_screen_name; private String in_reply_to_status_id; private String in_reply_to_status_id_str; private String in_reply_to_user_id; private String in_reply_to_user_id_str; private String lang; private boolean possibly_sensitive; private Number retweet_count; private boolean retweeted; private Retweeted_status retweeted_status; private String source; private String text; private boolean truncated; private User user; public TwitterItem(){} public String getContributors(){ return this.contributors; } public void setContributors(String contributors){ this.contributors = contributors; } public Geo getCoordinates(){ return this.coordinates; } public void setCoordinates(Geo coordinates){ this.coordinates = coordinates; } public String getCreated_at(){ return this.created_at; } public void setCreated_at(String created_at){ this.created_at = created_at; } public Entities getEntities(){ return this.entities; } public void setEntities(Entities entities){ this.entities = entities; } public Number getFavorite_count(){ return this.favorite_count; } public void setFavorite_count(Number favorite_count){ this.favorite_count = favorite_count; } public boolean getFavorited(){ return this.favorited; } public void setFavorited(boolean favorited){ this.favorited = favorited; } public Geo getGeo(){ return this.geo; } public void setGeo(Geo geo){ this.geo = geo; } public Number getId(){ return this.id; } public void setId(Number id){ this.id = id; } public String getId_str(){ return this.id_str; } public void setId_str(String id_str){ this.id_str = id_str; } public String getIn_reply_to_screen_name(){ return this.in_reply_to_screen_name; } public void setIn_reply_to_screen_name(String in_reply_to_screen_name){ this.in_reply_to_screen_name = in_reply_to_screen_name; } public String getIn_reply_to_status_id(){ return this.in_reply_to_status_id; } public void setIn_reply_to_status_id(String in_reply_to_status_id){ this.in_reply_to_status_id = in_reply_to_status_id; } public String getIn_reply_to_status_id_str(){ return this.in_reply_to_status_id_str; } public void setIn_reply_to_status_id_str(String in_reply_to_status_id_str){ this.in_reply_to_status_id_str = in_reply_to_status_id_str; } public String getIn_reply_to_user_id(){ return this.in_reply_to_user_id; } public void setIn_reply_to_user_id(String in_reply_to_user_id){ this.in_reply_to_user_id = in_reply_to_user_id; } public String getIn_reply_to_user_id_str(){ return this.in_reply_to_user_id_str; } public void setIn_reply_to_user_id_str(String in_reply_to_user_id_str){ this.in_reply_to_user_id_str = in_reply_to_user_id_str; } public String getLang(){ return this.lang; } public void setLang(String lang){ this.lang = lang; } public boolean getPossibly_sensitive(){ return this.possibly_sensitive; } public void setPossibly_sensitive(boolean possibly_sensitive){ this.possibly_sensitive = possibly_sensitive; } public Number getRetweet_count(){ return this.retweet_count; } public void setRetweet_count(Number retweet_count){ this.retweet_count = retweet_count; } public boolean getRetweeted(){ return this.retweeted; } public void setRetweeted(boolean retweeted){ this.retweeted = retweeted; } public Retweeted_status getRetweeted_status(){ return this.retweeted_status; } public void setRetweeted_status(Retweeted_status retweeted_status){ this.retweeted_status = retweeted_status; } public String getSource(){ return this.source; } public void setSource(String source){ this.source = source; } public String getText(){ return this.text; } public void setText(String text){ this.text = text; } public boolean getTruncated(){ return this.truncated; } public void setTruncated(boolean truncated){ this.truncated = truncated; } public User getUser(){ return this.user; } public void setUser(User user){ this.user = user; } }
整个过程显然很耗时间,而且还容易出现键入错误或数据类型匹配错误。
一、自动生成Java存根Stub
在线网站:http://jsongen.byingtondesign.com/
它提供了JSON解析并对JSON数据结构进行建模,生成Java类的功能。你可以自定义包名,输出的内容是一个ZIP文件,里面根据包名路径,包含生成的Java实体类。
你可以把得到的Java类文件放入到你的项目中,以便对JSON访问反序列化/序列化时使用。
二、注意事项
此工具能节省不少时间,然而,它不是一劳永逸的解决方案。
JSON数据的一个显著缺点是其集合或属性的数据类型并不能通过程序100%精准的判断,这是因为数据的展现是宽松的。比如,一个整数值可以被表示为“1”或者1。而JSON Gen工具并不能确定“1”是整数还是字符串,因此你最终会得到大量的字符串类型的属性。所以,需要你手动地去检查每一个生成的Java类,看所有的私有属性的数据类型是否正确。
此工具另一个潜在的问题是它在运行时只能关注对象,如果API响应变化,生成的Java文件或许会丢失部分元素。
三、节省时间
除开JSON Gen工具的不足,它实际上能节省你大量的开发时间,也会帮助你减少错误,不错的工具。