简单工厂模式

简单工厂模式

目录

• 简单工厂模式
  • 0.前言
  • 1.定义
  • 2.为什么使用
  • 3.如何实现
  • 4.简单工厂模式在Java中的应用

0.前言

• 设计模式篇主要是阅读《大话设计模式》的记录，同时也有阅读五月的仓颉中设计模式相关部分。

1.定义

• 简单工厂模式又叫做静态工厂方法模式。简单工厂模式是由一个工厂对象决定创建出哪一种产品类的实例。

2.为什么使用

• 用来解决如何去实例化对象的问题。
  • 到底要实例化谁，将来会不会增加实例化的对象，这是很容易变化的地方，应该考虑用一个单独的类来做这个创造实例的过程，这就是工厂。
• 缺点
  • 工厂类的职责相对过重，增加新的产品时需要修改工厂类的判断逻辑，违背开闭原则。每次有新的实例类产生时，需要在工厂方法中增加判断逻辑。

3.如何实现

• 以一个简单的计算器程序来说明

package cn.sun.code.one.ouhe;

/**
 * Created by rider on 2018/11/21.
 * 1.9 紧耦合 vs 松耦合
 */
public class Operation {

	private double numberA;

	private double numberB;

	public double getNumberA() {
		return numberA;
	}

	public void setNumberA(double numberA) {
		this.numberA = numberA;
	}

	public double getNumberB() {
		return numberB;
	}

	public void setNumberB(double numberB) {
		this.numberB = numberB;
	}

	public double getResult() {
		double result = 0d;
		return result;
	}
}

class OperationAdd extends Operation {

	public double getResult() {
		double result = 0d;
		result = this.getNumberA() + this.getNumberB();
		return result;
	}

}

class OperationSub extends Operation {

	public double getResult() {
		double result = 0d;
		result = this.getNumberA() - this.getNumberB();
		return result;
	}

}

class OperationMul extends Operation {

	public double getResult() {
		double result = 0d;
		result = this.getNumberA() * this.getNumberB();
		return result;
	}

}

class OperationDiv extends Operation {

	public double getResult() {
		double result = 0d;
		if(getNumberB()==0)
			throw new RuntimeException("除数不能为0");
		result = this.getNumberA() / this.getNumberB();
		return result;
	}

}

package cn.sun.code.one.ouhe;

/**
 * Created by rider on 2018/11/21.
 * 简单工厂模式
 */
public class OperationFactory {

	public static Operation createOperate(String operate) {
		Operation operation = null;
		switch (operate) {
			case "+":
				operation = new OperationAdd();
				break;
			case "-":
				operation = new OperationSub();
				break;
			case "*":
				operation = new OperationMul();
				break;
			case "/":
				operation = new OperationDiv();
				break;
		}
		return operation;
	}

	/**
	 * 客户端代码
	 *
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Operation operation = null;
		operation = OperationFactory.createOperate("+");
		operation.setNumberA(1);
		operation.setNumberB(2);
		double result = operation.getResult();
		System.out.println(result);
	}
	
}

• 通过多态，返回父类的方式实现了计算器的结果
• 如果有一天需要修改加法运算，只需要修改OperationAdd就可以了；如果要增加其它运算种类，比如平方根等，只需要增加运算种类，同时修改工厂类中的逻辑判断即可。

---

• 简单工厂模式的优点：
  • 简单工厂模式的最大优点在于工厂类中包含了必要的逻辑判断，根据客户端的选择条件动态实例化相关的类，对于客户端来说，去除了与具体产品的依赖。

4.简单工厂模式在Java中的应用

• 客户端只需要传入工厂类的参数，对于如何创建对象的逻辑不要关心 。
• Calendar的相关应用

    public static Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), aLocale);
    }

    private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,
                                           Locale aLocale)
    {
        CalendarProvider provider =
            LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
                                 .getCalendarProvider();
        if (provider != null) {
            try {
                return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                // fall back to the default instantiation
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = null;

        if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
            String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
            if (caltype != null) {
                switch (caltype) {
                case "buddhist":
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "japanese":
                    cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "gregory":
                    cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (cal == null) {
            // If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
            // perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
            // create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
            // a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
            // a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
            // NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
            if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
                       && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
                cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else {
                cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            }
        }
        return cal;
    }

• 日志系统中相关应用

  public static Logger getLogger(String name) {
    ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory();
    return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name);
  }

{
    Logger slf4jLogger = (Logger)this.loggerMap.get(name);
    if (slf4jLogger != null) {
      return slf4jLogger;
    } else {
      org.apache.log4j.Logger log4jLogger;
      if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("ROOT")) {
        log4jLogger = LogManager.getRootLogger();
      } else {
        log4jLogger = LogManager.getLogger(name);
      }

      Logger newInstance = new Log4jLoggerAdapter(log4jLogger);
      Logger oldInstance = (Logger)this.loggerMap.putIfAbsent(name, newInstance);
      return (Logger)(oldInstance == null ? newInstance : oldInstance);
    }
  }