Spring Cloud（三）Zuul网关

一、引言

　　写这篇之前，也先介绍一下应用背景吧，大家应该或多或少接触过nginx做反向代理吧？Zuul网关其实也是帮我做了这么一层工作，假设我们的项目有几十个微服务，每个微服务你都记录地址的话，难受不？所以我们需要一个统一的入口，也就是网关来给我们做请求分发，那么对外调用我统一经过网关，还可以做一些身份校验，黑白名单过滤等工作，是不是很方便呀~

二、Zuul网关实例

　　开搞开搞，同样也是需要先新建一个Spring Boot工程，然后开始做下面的配置：

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zhbf</groupId>
    <artifactId>zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>zuul</name>
    <description>网关服务【有梦想的肥宅】</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>1.5.6.RELEASE</spring-boot.version><!--Spring Boot版本-->
        <spring-cloud.version>1.4.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version><!--Spring Cloud版本-->
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--指定下载源和使用Spring Boot的版本-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--指定下载源和使用Spring Cloud的版本-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Edgware.SR5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>


    <dependencies>
        <!--引入Spring Boot依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入Spring Cloud的Eureka依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入zuul网关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

#应用名称
spring:
    application:
        name: ZUUL

#服务端口
server:
  port: 9093

#注册进eureka
eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:9090/eureka
        register-with-eureka: true
        fetch-registry: true
    instance:
        hostname: 127.0.0.1


#配置网关转发规则
zuul:
  routes:
    api-order: #表示当请求127.0.0.1:9093/order/开头的请求时，会通过eureka去找到OREDER-SERVER对应的实例做请求分发
      path: /order/**
      service-id: OREDER-SERVER
    api-gds:
      path: /gds/**
      service-id: GDS-SERVER

ZuulApplication.java【启动类】

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy //开启zuul网关
@EnableDiscoveryClient //服务注册发现
public class ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
    }

}

启动工程并测试