entityframework学习笔记--008-实体数据建模基础之继承关系映射TPH

Table per Hierarchy Inheritance 建模

1.让我们假设你有如图8-1中的表，Employee表包含hourly employees 和salaried employees的行。列EmployeeType作为鉴别列，鉴别这两种员工类型的行。 当EmployeType为1时，这一行代表一个专职员工(salaried or full-time employee)，当值为2时，这一行代码一个钟点工（hourly employee).

图8-1

2.右键你的项目，添加上图中的poco实体。如下：

[Table("Employee", Schema = "example8")]
    public abstract class Employee
    {
        [Key]
        [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
        public int EmployeeId { get; protected set; }
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
    }

public class FullTimeEmployee : Employee
    {
        public decimal? Salary { get; set; }
    }

public class HourlyEmployee : Employee
    {
        public decimal? Wage { get; set; }
    }

3.创建一个继承自DbContext的上下文对象EF6RecipesContext；

public class EF6RecipesContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Employee> Employees { get; set; }
        public EF6RecipesContext()
            : base("name=EF6CodeFirstRecipesContext")
        {
        }
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Employee>()
            .Map<FullTimeEmployee>(m => m.Requires("EmployeeType").HasValue(1))
            .Map<HourlyEmployee>(m => m.Requires("EmployeeType").HasValue(2));//如果去掉这两个map，会发现程序也能正常运行，并且在Employee表中生成了一个额外属性“Discriminator”
        }
    }

4.测试代码：

using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext())
            {
                var fte = new FullTimeEmployee
                {
                    FirstName = "Jane",
                    LastName = "Doe",
                    Salary = 71500M
                };
                context.Employees.Add(fte);
                fte = new FullTimeEmployee
                {
                    FirstName = "John",
                    LastName = "Smith",
                    Salary = 62500M
                };
                context.Employees.Add(fte);
                var hourly = new HourlyEmployee
                {
                    FirstName = "Tom",
                    LastName = "Jones",
                    Wage = 8.75M
                };
                context.Employees.Add(hourly);
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
            using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("--- All Employees ---");
                foreach (var emp in context.Employees)
                {
                    bool fullTime = emp is HourlyEmployee ? false : true;
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} ({2})", emp.FirstName, emp.LastName,
                    fullTime ? "Full Time" : "Hourly");
                }
                Console.WriteLine("--- Full Time ---");
                foreach (var fte in context.Employees.OfType<FullTimeEmployee>())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", fte.FirstName, fte.LastName);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("--- Hourly ---");
                foreach (var hourly in context.Employees.OfType<HourlyEmployee>())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", hourly.FirstName, hourly.LastName);
                }
            }

输出如下：

--- All Employees ---Jane Doe (Full Time)
John Smith (Full Time)
Tom Jones (Hourly)
--- Full Time ---Jane Doe
John Smith
--- Hourly ---Tom Jones

5.注意看步骤3中的注释，如果注释掉“OnModelCreating”中的内容，查询Employee生成的sql如下：

SELECT 
    [Extent1].[Discriminator] AS [Discriminator], 
    [Extent1].[EmployeeId] AS [EmployeeId], 
    [Extent1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName], 
    [Extent1].[LastName] AS [LastName], 
    [Extent1].[Salary] AS [Salary], 
    [Extent1].[Wage] AS [Wage]
    FROM [example8].[Employee] AS [Extent1]
    WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] IN (N'FullTimeEmployee',N'HourlyEmployee')

其实“TPT”与“TPH”的关系可以简单的理解成，是否子类与父类映射到同一张表。“TPT”相对灵活，单查询时使用了join，性能自然而然会有稍微影响；“TPH” 它将整个继承类型存储在一张单独的表中，他解决了TPT中的join连接问题，并带来了好的性能。但牺牲了数据库的灵活性。