ifconfig命令介绍
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:68
inet addr:192.168.10.9 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a368/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:11137 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6042 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:13446763 (12.8 MiB) TX bytes:524726 (512.4 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:72
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a372/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:73 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:6300 (6.1 KiB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig eth1 down 临时禁用网卡
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig 查看启动
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:68
inet addr:192.168.10.9 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a368/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:11211 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6088 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:13453039 (12.8 MiB) TX bytes:535146 (522.6 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:68
inet addr:192.168.10.9 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a368/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:11244 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6104 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:13455989 (12.8 MiB) TX bytes:537540 (524.9 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:72
BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:82 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7128 (6.9 KiB) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig eth1 up 启用网卡
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.10.12/24 临时设置IP
[root@chenxi ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:68
inet addr:192.168.10.9 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a368/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:673 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:478 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:62885 (61.4 KiB) TX bytes:61507 (60.0 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:AD:A3:72
inet addr:192.168.10.12 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a372/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:58 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:37 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:4956 (4.8 KiB) TX bytes:6030 (5.8 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
路由配置，注意防火墙iptables
A B主机互通
| A主机IP | 192.168.9.15 |
| A路由 | 192.168.9.12 |
| A路由 | 192.168.10.9 |
| B路由 | 192.168.10.30 |
| B路由 | 192.168.8.128 |
| B主IP | 192.168.8.5 |
A主机添加默认网关，即默认路由
[root@mail ~]# route add default gw 192.168.9.12 添加默认网关 [root@mail ~]# route -n 查看路由表 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.9.12 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
B 主机添加默认网关，即默认路由
[root@mail ~]# route add default gw 192.168.8.128 [root@mail ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.8.128 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
A路由添加即
[root@chenxi ~]# route add -net 192.168.8.0/24 gw 192.168.10.30 [root@chenxi ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.8.0 192.168.10.30 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 [root@chenxi ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
B路由添加
[root@mast ~]# route add -net 192.168.9.0/24 gw 192.168.10.9 [root@mast ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens33 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens37 192.168.9.0 192.168.10.9 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens33 [root@mast ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
A主机pingB主机
[root@mail ~]# ping -c 4 192.168.8.5 PING 192.168.8.5 (192.168.8.5) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=3.61 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=1.35 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=1.46 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=1.33 ms --- 192.168.8.5 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3008ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.330/1.941/3.619/0.970 ms
B主机pingA主机
[root@mail ~]# ping -c 4 192.168.9.15 PING 192.168.9.15 (192.168.9.15) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.9.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=1.63 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.9.15: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=1.38 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.9.15: icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=1.87 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.9.15: icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=1.56 ms --- 192.168.9.15 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3009ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.381/1.614/1.876/0.184 ms
删路由和默认路由
[root@mail ~]# route del -net 0.0.0.0/0 gw 192.168.9.12 [root@mail ~]# route del default gw 192.168.9.12
主机A将路由信息添加至配置文件永久生效
[root@chenxi ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ad:a3:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.9/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a368/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ad:a3:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.9.12/24 brd 192.168.9.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fead:a372/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@chenxi ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth1 数据包到192.168.8.0网络从eth1 出去后缀名写eth1 名
192.168.8.0/24 via 192.168.10.30
[root@chenxi ~]# service network restart
正在关闭接口 eth0： [确定]
正在关闭接口 eth1： [确定]
关闭环回接口： [确定]
弹出环回接口： [确定]
弹出界面 eth0： Determining if ip address 192.168.10.9 is already in use for device eth0...
[确定]
弹出界面 eth1： Determining if ip address 192.168.9.12 is already in use for device eth1...
[确定]
[root@chenxi ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.9.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
192.168.8.0 192.168.10.30 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@chenxi ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
B路由的添加默认路由
[root@mast ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.10.30/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::64e7:c159:5d4d:5104/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:40:c2:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.128/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global noprefixroute ens37
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::fb06:bc9:d34f:f1a4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@mast ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33 数据包到192.168.9.0/24 网络从ens33 网卡出去
192.168.9.0/24 via 192.168.10.9
[root@mast ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@mast ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens37
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
[root@mast ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
B主机添加路由
[root@mail ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:8b:16:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.5/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8b:167f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@mail ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0
0.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.8.128
[root@mail ~]# service network restart
正在关闭接口 eth0： [确定]
关闭环回接口： [确定]
弹出环回接口： [确定]
弹出界面 eth0： Determining if ip address 192.168.8.5 is already in use for device eth0...
[确定]
[root@mail ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.8.128 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
netstat命令介绍与ss
查看链接状态-n表示链接-t表示tcp
[root@mail ~]# netstat -nt Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 52 192.168.8.5:22 192.168.8.1:12902 ESTABLISHED
查看udp端口-u
[root@mail ~]# netstat -n Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 192.168.8.5:22 192.168.8.1:12902 ESTABLISHED Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 9832 /var/run/portreserve/socket unix 7 [ ] DGRAM 9869 /dev/log [root@mail ~]# netstat -ln Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* [root@mail ~]# netstat -lnut Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:*
-p 查看哪个服务打开的端口
[root@mail ~]# netstat -lnutp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1291/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1374/master tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1291/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:993 0.0.0.0:* 1200/portreserve udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:995 0.0.0.0:* 1200/portreserve udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:110 0.0.0.0:* 1200/portreserve udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:143 0.0.0.0:* 1200/portreserve
-nr 查看路由表
[root@mail ~]# netstat -nr Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.8.128 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0