• 201871010116祁英红《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结


    项目

    内容

    《面向对象程序设计(java)》

    https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/

    这个作业的要求在哪里

    https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html

    作业学习目标

    1. 掌握四种访问权限修饰符的使用特点;
    2. 掌握Object类的用途及常用API;
    3. 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用途;
    4. 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途;
    5. 结合本章实验内容,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点。

    实验内容和步骤

    实验1:(20分)

    程序代码如下:

    class Parent {
    	private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性";
    	public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性";
    	protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性";
    	String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性";
    	private void pMethod1() {
    		System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	public void pMethod2() {
    		System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	protected void pMethod3() {
    		System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	void pMethod4() {
    		System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    }
    class Son extends Parent{
    	private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性";
    	public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性";
    	protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性";
    	String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性";
    	public void sMethod1() {
    		System.out.println(  );//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值
    		System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	private void sMethod2() {
    		System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	protected void sMethod() {
    		System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}
    	void sMethod4() {
    		System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法");
    	}	
    }
    public class Demo {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		Parent parent=new Parent();
    		Son son=new Son();
    		System.out.println(  );	//分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法	
    	}
    }  

    因为private属性仅对本类可见,public属性对所有类可见,protected属性对本包和所有类可见,默认属性对本包可见。

    而Parent类的p1是Parent的私有属性,在子类中不能被调用,所以程序出错,无法显示;p2是Parent的公有属性,p3是Parent受保护的属性,p4是Parent的默认属性,这些属性能在子类中被调用,所以可以显示p2、p3、p4的值.

    运行过程如图:

    同上。parent类和son类的私有属性也不能被调用,所以调用p1与s1程序运行错误。

    用parent调用Paren类的方法运行结果如下:

     

     

     

    用son调用Son类的方法运行结果如下:

     

     

     

    实验2:测试程序1(15分)

     5-8程序代码如下:

    package equals;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the equals method.
     * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EqualsTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          var alice2 = alice1;
          var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
    
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
    
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
    
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
    
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
    
          System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
    
          var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          boss.setBonus(5000);
          System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
          System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
          System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
          System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
          System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
          System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
       }
    }

    5-9程序代码如下:

    package equals;
    
    import java.time.*;
    import java.util.Objects;
    
    public class Employee
    {
       private String name;//private定义了一个只能在该类中访问的字符串变量
       private double salary;
       private LocalDate hireDay;
    //创建私有属性
       public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          this.name = name;
          this.salary = salary;
          hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
       }
    
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
    
       public LocalDate getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }//访问器
    
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }
    
       public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
       {
          // a quick test to see if the objects are identical  快速测试这些对象是否相同
          if (this == otherObject) return true;
    
          // must return false if the explicit parameter is null   如果显示参数为空,必须返回false
          if (otherObject == null) return false;
    
          // if the classes don't match, they can't be equal   如果第几个类不匹配,则他们不相同
          if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
    
          // now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee   //其他对象为非空Employee类
          var other = (Employee) otherObject;
    
          // test whether the fields have identical values   //测试是不是有相同值
          return Objects.equals(name, other.name) 
             && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
       }
    
       public int hashCode()
       {
          return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
       }
    
       public String toString() //把其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据
       {
          return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" 
             + hireDay + "]";
       }
    }

    5-10程序代码如下:

    package equals;
    
    public class Manager extends Employee  //扩展了一个子类Manager
    {
       private double bonus; //创建一个私有属性
    
       public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//定义变量
       {
          super(name, salary, year, month, day);//调用了父类的构造器
          bonus = 0;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          double baseSalary = super.getSalary();//更改器
          return baseSalary + bonus;
       }
    
       public void setBonus(double bonus)
       {
          this.bonus = bonus;
       }
    
       public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
       {
          if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
          var other = (Manager) otherObject;
          // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class  用super.equals检查这个类和其他类是否属于同一个类
          return bonus == other.bonus;
       }
    
       public int hashCode()
       {
          return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
       }
    
       public String toString()//吧其他类型的数据转换为字符串类型的数据
       {
          return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
       }
    }

    5-8、5-9、5-10程序运行结果如下:

     删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()hasCode()toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。

    equals方法:用于检测一个对象是否等于另外一个对象,在子类中调用equals方法时,首先调用超类的equals,如果检测失败,对象就不可能相等,如果超类中的域都相等,就需要比较子类中的实例域。

    hashCode方法:散列码(hash code)是由对象导出的一个整型值,且没有规律,由于hashCode方法定义在object类中,因此每个对象都有一个默认的散列码,其值是对象的存储地址该方法返回一个整型数值。

    toString方法:用于返回表示对象值的字符串,只要对象与一个字符串通过操作符“+”连接起来,Java编译就会自动地调用toString方法。

     Employee类重写后代码如下:

    package equals;
     
    import java.time.*;
    import java.util.Objects;
     
    public class Employee
    {
       private String name;    //创建三个私有属性
       private double salary;
       private LocalDate hireDay;
     
       public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          this.name = name;
          this.salary = salary;
          hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
       }
     
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
     
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
     
       public LocalDate getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }
     
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;   //定义局部变量
          salary += raise;
       }
     
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {   //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);
    }
     
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        if (this == obj) return true;     //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类。这个if语句判断两个引用是否是同一个,如果是同一个,那么这两个对象肯定相等。
        if (obj == null) return false;   //如果显示参数为空,则返回false
        if (getClass() !=obj.getClass()) return false;   //用getClass()方法得到对象的类。如果几个类不匹配,则它们不相等
     
        //其他对象是非空Employee类
        //在以上判断完成,再将得到的参数对象强制转换为该对象,考虑到父类引用子类的对象的出现,然后再判断对象的属性是否相同
        Employee other = (Employee) obj;
        //测试字段是否具有相同的值
        return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
     }
     
     
    @Override
    public String toString() {  //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成)
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
    }
     
    }
    

    Manager类重写之后代码如下:

    package equals;
     
    public class Manager extends Employee     //子类:Manager类继承Employee类
    {
       private double bonus;     //创建私有属性bouns
     
       public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
       {
          super(name, salary, year, month, day);    //子类直接调用超类中已创建的属性
          bonus = 0;      //给bouns赋初值为空
       }
     
       public double getSalary()//访问器
       {
          double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
          return baseSalary + bonus;
       }
     
       public void setBonus(double bonus)   //更改器
       {
          this.bonus = bonus;
       }
     
       public boolean equals(Object otherObject)   //快速测试几个类的根是否相同,即是否是同一个超类
       {
          if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
          Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
           //使用super.equals检查这个类和其他是否属于同一个类
          return bonus == other.bonus;
       }
     
       public int hashCode()    //重写hashCode方法,使相等的两个对象获取的HashCode也相等
       {
          return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
       }
     
       public String toString()    //把其他类型的数据转为字符串类型的数据(toString方法可以自动生成)
       {
          return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
       }
    }
    

    EmployeeTest类代码如下:

    package equals;
     
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the equals method.
     * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EqualsTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Employee alice2 = alice1;
          Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
     
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
     
          System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
     
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
     
          System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
     
          System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
     
          Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
          boss.setBonus(5000);
          System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
          System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
          System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
          System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
          System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
          System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
       }
    }
    

      程序运行结果如下图:

      

    实验2:测试程序2(15分)

     5-11程序代码如下:

    package arrayList;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
     * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ArrayListTest
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects  用三个Employee类填充staff数组列表
          var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();   //动态数组,可以灵活设置数组的大小
    
          staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
          staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
          staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
    
          // raise everyone's salary by 5%   将每个人的薪水提高5%
          for (Employee e : staff)
             e.raiseSalary(5);
    
          // print out information about all Employee objects   打印出所有Employee类的信息
          for (Employee e : staff)
             System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
                + e.getHireDay());
       }
    }
    

      

    package arrayList;
    
    import java.time.*;
    
    public class Employee
    {
       private String name;
       private double salary;
       private LocalDate hireDay;
     //创建三个私有属性
       public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)//构造器
       {
          this.name = name;
          this.salary = salary;
          hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
       }
    
       public String getName()
       {
          return name;
       }
    
       public double getSalary()
       {
          return salary;
       }
    
       public LocalDate getHireDay()
       {
          return hireDay;
       }
    //访问器
       public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
       {
          double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
          salary += raise;
       }//定义两个局部变量
    }
    

      程序运行结果如下:

     设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法。

    package arrayList;
     
    import java.util.*;
     
    /**
     * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
     * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class ArrayListTest
    {
       private static final Employee element = null;
       private static final int index = 0;
     
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects
          ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();   //用三个Employee对象填充数组
     
          staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
          staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
          staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
          ArrayList<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
           
        //size()的用法
          int size=staff.size();
          System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size);
          for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++)
          {
              //get()的用法
              Employee e=staff.get(i);
              System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                        + e.getHireDay());
          }
          //set()的用法
          staff.set(0, new Employee("llx", 20000, 1999, 11, 06));
          Employee e=staff.get(0);
          System.out.println("修改后的数据为:name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                    + e.getHireDay());
           
          //remove()的用法
          staff.remove(2);
          System.out.println("将第一个数据删除后:");
          int size1=staff.size();
          System.out.println("arrayList中的元素个数是:"+size1);
          for(int i=0;i<staff.size();i++)
          {
              Employee p=staff.get(i);
              System.out.println("name=" + p.getName() + ",salary=" + p.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                        + p.getHireDay());
          }
          
          // raise everyone's salary by 5%
          for (Employee e1 : staff)    //把每个人的薪资提高%5
             e1.raiseSalary(5);
     
          // print out information about all Employee objects
          for (Employee e1 : staff)   //输出所有雇员对象的信息
             System.out.println("name=" + e1.getName() + ",salary=" + e1.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
                + e1.getHireDay());    //利用getName(),getSalary() 和getHireDay()方法输出所有雇员对象的信息
       }
    }
    

      程序运行结果如图:

    实验2:测试程序3(15分)

    程序代码如下:

    package enums;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
     * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EnumTest  
    {  
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {  
          var in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
          String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
          Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
          System.out.println("size=" + size);
          System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
          if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
             System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
       }
    }
    //定义枚举类型
    enum Size
    {
       SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");
    
       private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
       public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
    
       private String abbreviation;
    }//调用构造函数
    

      程序运行结果如下:

    删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。

     所有的枚举类型都是Enum类地子类,他们继承了这个类的许多方法,其中最有用的是toString,这个方法能够返回枚举常量名。每个枚举类型都有一个静态的values方法,它将返回一个包含全部枚举值的数组。ordinal方法返回enum声明中枚举常量的位置,位置从0开始计数。 

    删除Size枚举类程序代码如下:

    package enums;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
     * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class EnumTest  
    {  
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {  
          var in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
          String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
          Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
          System.out.println("size=" + size);
          System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
          if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
             System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
       }
    }
    
    enum Size
    {
       SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");
    
       private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
       public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
    
       private String abbreviation;
    }//调用构造函数

     程序运行结果如下:

    实验2:测试程序4(5分)

    程序代码如下:

    public class TestVarArgus {  
        public static void dealArray(int... intArray){  
            for (int i : intArray)  
                System.out.print(i +" ");  
              
            System.out.println();  
        }        
        public static void main(String args[]){  
            dealArray();  
            dealArray(1);  
            dealArray(1, 2, 3);  
        }  
    }
    

      程序运行结果如下:

    实验3:编程练习(10分)

     程序代码如下:

    public class Demo {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		Son son = new Son();
    		son.method();
    	}
    }
    
    class Parent {
    	Parent() {
    		System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
    	}
    
    	Parent(boolean b) {
    		System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
    	}
    
    	public void method() {
    		System.out.println("Parent's method()");
    	}
    }
    
    class Son extends Parent {
    	//补全本类定义
    	Son() {
    	super(true);    //调用父类有参构造
    	    System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
    	}
    	public void method() {
    	    System.out.println("Son's method()");
    	    super.method();
    	}
    }
    

      程序运行结果如下:

    3. 实验总结:(15分)

     通过学习继承这一章的内容以及实验,掌握了继承建立类与类间的is-a关系,意味着父类对象变量可以引用子类对象,在Java中,一个父类可以有多个子类,但一个子类只能有一个父类,子类通过extends关键字来继承父类,父类和子类的三种继承方式:1.public继承,(public成员所有的类都可以访问);2.private继承,(private成员只有本类能访问);3.protect继承,(protect成员只有本类和子类能访问)。子类继承父类是对父类属性和方法的全面继承,同时子类在继承了父类的方法后可对父类的方法进行重写。父类用作对象的声明类型,构造器用子类的构造器。object类是Java中所有类的始祖,在Java中每个类都是由它扩展而来的,如果没有明确的指出超类,object就被认为是这个类的超类,

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qyhq/p/11666487.html
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