• SDN期末验收


    一.实验代码

    
    import httplib2
    import time
    import json
    class OdlUtil:
    	url = ''
    	def __init__(self, host, port):
    		self.url = 'http://' + host + ':' + str(port)
    	def install_flow(self, container_name='default',username="admin", password="admin"):
    		http = httplib2.Http()
    		http.add_credentials(username, password)
    		headers = {'Accept': 'application/json'}
    		flow_name = 'flow_' + str(int(time.time()*1000))
    		#s2流表
    		#h2工作时s2端口1流量空闲时下发的流表
    		h2_to_s2_1 ='{"flow": [{"id": "0","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.2/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                		'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#h3工作时s2端口1流量空闲时下发的流表
    		h3_to_s2_1 ='{"flow": [{"id": "1","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		mh3_to_s2_1 ='{"flow": [{"id": "1","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "100","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#h3工作时s2端口1流量满载时下发的流表	
    		h3_to_s2_2 ='{"flow": [{"id": "2","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "2"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		mh3_to_s2_2 ='{"flow": [{"id": "2","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "2"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "100","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#s3流表
    		s3_1='{"flow": [{"id": "0","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                '{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    			'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                '"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                '"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                '"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                '"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		s3_2='{"flow": [{"id": "1","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                '{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    			'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.1/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"},'
                '"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                '"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                '"output-node-connector": "2"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                '"priority": "101","cookie": "2","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#s1流表
    		s1_2To1='{"flow": [{"id": "0","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                	'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    				'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.2/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                	'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                	'"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                	'"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		s1_3To1='{"flow": [{"id": "1","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                	'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    				'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.3/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.1/32"},'
                	'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                	'"output-node-connector": "1"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                	'"priority": "101","cookie": "1","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#h1工作时s1端口2流量空闲时下发的流表
    		h1_to_s1_2 ='{"flow": [{"id": "2","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.1/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "2"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "101","cookie": "2","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		mh1_to_s1_2 ='{"flow": [{"id": "3","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.1/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "2"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "100","cookie": "3","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		#h1工作时s1端口2流量满载时下发的流表	
    		h1_to_s1_3 ='{"flow": [{"id": "2","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.1/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "3"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "101","cookie": "2","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		mh1_to_s1_3 ='{"flow": [{"id": "3","match": {"ethernet-match":'
                   		'{"ethernet-type": {"type": "2048"}},'
    					'"ipv4-source":"10.0.0.1/32","ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"},'
                		'"instructions": {"instruction": [{"order": "0",'
                    	'"apply-actions": {"action": [{"output-action": {'
                    	'"output-node-connector": "3"},"order": "0"}]}}]},'
                		'"priority": "100","cookie": "3","table_id": "0"}]}'
    		headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
    		num=0
    		#下发流表,地址由ODL上获得
    		#下发s1与s3的流表
    		response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/0', body=s1_2To1, method='PUT',headers=headers)	
    		response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1', body=s1_3To1, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    		response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:3/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/0', body=s3_1, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    		response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:3/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/0', body=s3_2, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    
    		#s2调用h2到1的流表			
    		response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/0', body=h2_to_s2_1, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    		while num < 4 :
    			s1_uri = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/node-connector/openflow:1:2'
    			s2_uri = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/node-connector/openflow:2:1'
    			#获取s1端口2的流量
    			response, content = http.request(uri=s1_uri, method='GET')
    			content = json.loads(content)
    			statistics = content['node-connector'][0]['opendaylight-port-statistics:flow-capable-node-connector-statistics']
    			s1_bytes1 = statistics['bytes']['transmitted']
    			#0.5秒后再次获取
    			time.sleep(0.5)
    			response, content = http.request(uri=s1_uri, method='GET')
    			content = json.loads(content)
    			statistics = content['node-connector'][0]['opendaylight-port-statistics:flow-capable-node-connector-statistics']
    			s1_bytes2 = statistics['bytes']['transmitted']
    
    			s1_speed=float(s1_bytes2-s1_bytes1)/0.5
    			
    			if s1_speed !=0 :#获取有效的速度
    				print ('s1端口2速度:')
    				print s1_speed
    				#在检测到s1端口2流量空闲时发的流表
    				if s1_speed < 1000 :
    					print(' s1端口2空闲,h1数据包改为往s1端口2通过')
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/2', body=h1_to_s1_2, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/3', body=mh1_to_s1_2, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    				#在检测到s1端口2流量满载时发的流表
    				else :
    					print(' s1端口2满载,h1数据包改为往s1端口3通过')
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/2', body=h1_to_s1_3, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/3', body=mh1_to_s1_3, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    
    			#获取s2端口1的流量
    			response, content = http.request(uri=s2_uri, method='GET')
    			content = json.loads(content)
    			statistics = content['node-connector'][0]['opendaylight-port-statistics:flow-capable-node-connector-statistics']
    			s2_bytes1 = statistics['bytes']['transmitted']
    			#0.5秒后再次获取
    			time.sleep(0.5)
    			response, content = http.request(uri=s2_uri, method='GET')
    			content = json.loads(content)
    			statistics = content['node-connector'][0]['opendaylight-port-statistics:flow-capable-node-connector-statistics']
    			s2_bytes2 = statistics['bytes']['transmitted']
    			
    			s2_speed=float(s2_bytes2-s2_bytes1)/0.5
    		
    			if s2_speed !=0 :#获取有效的速度
    				print ('s2端口1速度:')
    				print s2_speed
    				#在检测到s2端口1流量空闲时发的流表
    				if s2_speed < 1000 :
    					print(' s2端口1空闲,h3数据包改为往s2端口1通过')
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1', body=h3_to_s2_1, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/2', body=mh3_to_s2_2, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    				#在检测到s2端口1流量满载时发的流表
    				else :
    					print(' s2端口1满载,h3数据包改为往s2端口2通过')
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1', body=mh3_to_s2_1, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    					response, content = http.request(uri='http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:2/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/2', body=h3_to_s2_2, method='PUT',headers=headers)
    odl = OdlUtil('127.0.0.1', '8181')
    odl.install_flow()
    
    
    
    

    二.实验场景

    服务器h2 h3上各自有不同的服务,h1是客户端。实现一个负载均衡的北向程序,当h2和h3向h1传输数据时,北向应用根据链路的使用状况动态的调整路由规则。
    主要思路:过一定的时间后,下发新的流表,使得流量流向另一个交换机,从而实现负载均衡。类似于轮询法。


    三.视频演示
    1.打开ODL

    2.查看拓扑

    3.查看拥塞状况

    4.调用负载均衡

    5.负载均衡调用后的结果


    三.小组分工

    • 凉凉队
      • 负责查找相关资料,参与场景的设计,并与队友完成代码的编写与修改。

    四、课程总结

    首先对这学期的学习进行一个回顾总结

    1.从对SDN的认识方面:

    (1)了解了SDN:

    • 软件定义网络(Software Defined Network, SDN ),是Emulex网络一种新型网络创新架构,是网络虚拟化的一种实现方式,其核心技术OpenFlow通过将网络设备控制面与数据面分离开来,从而实现了网络流量的灵活控制,使网络作为管道变得更加智能。

    (2)SDN基本思想:

    • 利用分层的思想,SDN将数据与控制相分离。在控制层,包括具有逻辑中心化和可编程的控制器,可掌握全局网络信息,方便运营商和科研人员管理配置网络和部署新协议等。在数据层,包括哑的交换机,交换机仅提供简单的数据转发功能,可以快速处理匹配的数据包,适应流量日益增长的需求.两层之间采用开放的统一接口进行交互。控制器通过标准接口向交换机下发统一标准规则,交换机仅需按照这些规则执行相应的动作即可。

    (3)SDN优势:

    • SDN 技术能够有效降低设备负载,协助网络运营商更好地控制基础设施,降低整体运营成本。
    • SDN解放了手工操作,减少了配置错误,易于统一快速部署。

    (4)了解了mininet

    • Mininet是由一些虚拟的终端节点(end-hosts)、交换机、路由器连接而成的一个网络仿真器,它采用轻量级的虚拟化技术使得系统可以和真实网络相媲美。
    • Mininet可以很方便地创建一个支持SDN的网络:host就像真实的电脑一样工作,可以使用ssh登录,启动应用程序,程序可以向以太网端口发送数据包,数据包会被交换机、路由器接收并处理。有了这个网络,就可以灵活地为网络添加新的功能并进行相关测试,然后轻松部署到真实的硬件环境中。

    (5)了解了OpenFlow流表:

    • OpenFlow的每个流表项都由3部分组成:

      • 用于数据包匹配的包头域(Header Fields);
      • 用于统计匹配数据包个数的计数器(Counters);
      • 用于展示匹配的数据包如何处理的动作(Actions)。
    • OpenFlow流表的优点:

      • 多级流表将数据包的处理逻辑划分为多个子逻辑,并由多张流表分别来匹配和处理,从而使得数据包的处理变成了一条流水线。单流表是无法满足复杂的业务逻辑要求的。

      • 多级流表的设计使得流表项聚合成为可能,节省了流表空间,可减少流表项个数,也提高了编程处理逻辑的灵活性。

    (6)SDN控制器:

    • POX:完全使用Python语言编写,采用与NOX一直的事件处理机制和编程模式,增加了多线程支持,
    • Floodlight:是基于Java语言的开源SDN控制器,当前支持的南向协议为OpenFlow1.0协议。
    • OpenContrail: 是由 Juniper 推出的基于 C++的 SDN 控制器,提供了用于网络虚拟化的基本组件。
    • Ryu:是基于 Python 语言的 开源 SDN 控制器。提供的完备 API 有助于网络运营者高效便捷地开发 SDN 管理和控制应用。
    • onos:架构专注于电信运营商领域控制器关键需求:高可扩展性,高性能,高实时性,高可靠性。

    (7)等价多路径(Equal-CostMultipathRouting):

    • 存在多条不同链路到达同一目的地址的网络环境中
    • 当设备支持等价路由时,发往该目的 IP 或者目的网段的三层转发流量就可以通过不同的路径分担,实现网络的负载均衡,并在其中某些路径出现故障时,由其它路径代替完成转发处理,实现路由冗余备份功能。

    (8)负载均衡(Load Balance):

    • 单个重负载的运算分担到多台节点设备上做并行处理,每个节点设备处理结束后,将结果汇总,返回给用户,系统处理能力得到大幅度提高,这就是常说的集群(clustering)技术。
    • 大量的并发访问或数据流量分担到多台节点设备上分别处理,减少用户等待响应的时间,这主要针对Web服务器、FTP服务器、企业关键应用服务器等网络应用。

    2、实践操作方面:

    • 安装mininet,用字符命令、可视化界面、Python脚本等生成拓扑,并测试连通性。
    • 安装floodlight,生成拓扑并连接控制器floodlight,利用控制器floodlight查看图形拓扑,利用字符界面下发流表,来验证openflow的hardtime机制。
    • 利用OVS命令下发流表和查看流表,实现VLAN功能。
    • Wireshark抓包验证。
    • 利用ODL下发流表,借助Postman通过ODL的北向接口下发流表,再利用ODL北向接口查看已下发的流表。
    • 利用ODL下发组表、流表,实现负载均衡,利用Wireshark验证负载均衡的实现。

    3、个人感受:

    • 总的来说,接触了新知识,学习了新东西,感受很多,收获很多。这门课的收获还是很大的。以前从没接触过网络编程,这次算是有了一个小小的入门。知道了SDN是什么,知道了SDN可以给我们带来很多的好处,可以有效地降低负载,同时对负载均衡也有了初步的了解。
    • 对流表的使用ODL的控制以及抓包有了初步的掌握。当然了,经过这门课程的实践操作,我对命令行的操作比以往熟练了很多,以前只在操作系统这门课程有一点接触并不熟练。
    • 接触了Python,又了解了一门新语言,我发现Python还是挺强大的。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qq805212031/p/8355576.html
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