序列化

一、序列化的目的：

使用文件存储时，只存储了对象数据，再读取后，就难以区分出原有的数据类型。

目的：将整个对象序列化为字节流写入文件，文件中保存了原有属性的数据类型，并能够在读取出的内容，反序列为对象。

二、序列化与反序列化主要语句

1、对象标识序列化，可序列化的内容有：class、enum、struct、delegate。

[Serializable]
public class Student

2、序列化操作

//操作对象序列化的类
BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

FileStream output=new FileStream(fileFullName,FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

//序列化

formatter.Serialize(output, lst);

//反序列化

List<Student> lstStudents = (List<Student>)formatter.Deserialize(fs);

三、示例代码

namespace 序列化
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Student> lst = new List<Student>();
            //操作对象序列化的类
            BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            //序列化后，存放的文件位置
            string fileFullName="c:\students.txt";
            
                 
            #region 模拟数据
            StudentClass c = new StudentClass();
            c.ClassID = 1;
            c.ClassName = "大一";
            c.MainTeacher = "秋飘";

            Student s1 = new Student();
            s1.SID = 1;
            s1.SName = "张三";
            s1.SAge = 23;
            s1.StudenClass = c;
            lst.Add(s1);

            Student s2 = new Student();
            s2.SID = 2;
            s2.SName = "李四";
            s2.SAge = 20;
            s2.StudenClass = c;
            lst.Add(s2);
            #endregion

            try
            {
                using(FileStream output=new FileStream(fileFullName,FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("开始序列化对象到文件：{0}中",output.Name));
                    formatter.Serialize(output, lst);
                    Console.WriteLine("序列化完毕!");
                    Console.WriteLine("
");
                }
                
               using(StreamReader fs = new StreamReader(fileFullName))
               {
                   Console.WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
                   string serializeResult = fs.ReadToEnd();
                   Console.WriteLine(serializeResult);
                   Console.WriteLine(new string('-', 50));
                   Console.WriteLine("
");
               }

               using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileFullName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
               {
                   Console.WriteLine("开始反序列化，读取文件内容。");
                   List<Student> lstStudents = (List<Student>)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
                   if (lstStudents.Count != null)
                   {
                       Console.WriteLine(string.Format("反序列化后,Student的个数：{0},如下：",lstStudents.Count));
                       foreach (Student s in lstStudents)
                       {
                           Console.WriteLine(string.Format("姓名：{0}，年龄：{1},年级：{2}", s.SName, s.SAge,s.StudenClass.ClassName));
                       }
                   }
               }

            }
            catch(SerializationException se)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("序列化异常：" + se.Message);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("其它异常："+ex.Message);
            }

            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 设置学生类是可以序列化的
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class Student
    {
        
        private int m_SID;
        /// <summary>
        /// 学生ID
        /// </summary>
        public int SID
        {
            get { return m_SID; }
            set { m_SID = value; }
        }
        private string m_SName;
        /// <summary>
        /// 学生姓名
        /// </summary>
        public string SName
        {
            get { return m_SName; }
            set { m_SName = value; }
        }

        private int m_SAge;
        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int SAge
        {
            get { return m_SAge; }
            set { m_SAge = value; }
        }

        
        private StudentClass m_StudentClass;
        /// <summary>
        /// 班级
        /// </summary>
        
        public StudentClass StudenClass
        {
            get { return m_StudentClass; }
            set { m_StudentClass = value; }
        }


    }

    [Serializable]
    public class StudentClass
    {
        private int m_ClassID;
        /// <summary>
        /// 班级ID
        /// </summary>
        public int ClassID
        {
            get { return m_ClassID; }
            set { m_ClassID = value; }
        }

        private string m_ClassName;
        /// <summary>
        /// 班级名称
        /// </summary>
        public string ClassName
        {
            get { return m_ClassName; }
            set { m_ClassName = value; }
        }

        private string m_MainTeacher;
        /// <summary>
        /// 班主任
        /// </summary>
        public string MainTeacher
        {
            get { return m_MainTeacher; }
            set { m_MainTeacher = value; }
        }

    }
}

四、序列化后的文件内容如下：