• 公平锁与非公平锁


    ReentrantLock中很明显可以看到其中同步包括两种,分别是公平的FairSync和非公平的NonfairSync。公平锁的作用就是严格按照线程启动的顺序来执行的,不允许其他线程插队执行的;而非公平锁是允许插队的。

    默认情况下ReentrantLock是通过非公平锁来进行同步的,包括synchronized关键字都是如此,因为这样性能会更好。因为从线程进入了RUNNABLE状态,可以执行开始,到实际线程执行是要比较久的时间的。而且,在一个锁释放之后,其他的线程会需要重新来获取锁。其中经历了持有锁的线程释放锁,其他线程从挂起恢复到RUNNABLE状态,其他线程请求锁,获得锁,线程执行,这一系列步骤。如果这个时候,存在一个线程直接请求锁,可能就避开挂起到恢复RUNNABLE状态的这段消耗,所以性能更优化。

        /**
         * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
         * This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
         */
        public ReentrantLock() {
            sync = new NonfairSync();
        }

    默认状态,使用的ReentrantLock()就是非公平锁。再参考如下代码,我们知道ReentrantLock的获取锁的操作是通过装饰模式代理给sync的。

        /**
         * Acquires the lock.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the lock if it is not held by another thread and returns
         * immediately, setting the lock hold count to one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds the lock then the hold
         * count is incremented by one and the method returns immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the
         * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until the lock has been acquired,
         * at which time the lock hold count is set to one.
         */
        public void lock() {
            sync.lock();
        }

    下面参考一下FairSyncNonfairSynclock方法的实现

        /**
         * Sync object for non-fair locks
         */
        static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
            /**
             * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
             * acquire on failure.
             */
            final void lock() {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
                else
                    acquire(1);
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * Sync object for fair locks
         */
        static final class FairSync extends Sync {
            final void lock() {
                acquire(1);
            }
        }

    当使用非公平锁的时候,会立刻尝试配置状态,成功了就会插队执行,失败了就会和公平锁的机制一样,调用acquire()方法,以排他的方式来获取锁,成功了立刻返回,否则将线程加入队列,知道成功调用为止。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qitian1/p/6461481.html
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