• 2019 SDN上机第3次作业


    1. 利用Mininet仿真平台构建如下图所示的网络拓扑,配置主机h1和h2的IP地址(h1:10.0.0.1,h2:10.0.0.2),测试两台主机之间的网络连通性

    1.1建立拓扑,截图如下:

    1.2进行配置和设置

    • start CLI
    • 支持OpenFlow 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
    • 其他使用默认设置(Controller选择默认的openflow reference)
    • 设置H1的IP(10.0.0.1)、H2的IP(10.0.0.2)

    1.3测试两台主机之间的联通性

    2. 利用Wireshark工具,捕获拓扑中交换机与控制器之间的通信数据,对OpenFlow协议类型的各类报文进行分析

    原理图如下:

    2.1 Hello报文

    第一台的控制器6633端口,交换机47788端口

    控制器最多可以支持OpenFlow 1.0

    交换机最多可以支持OpenFlow 1.3

    双方建立连接后,并且使用OpenFlow 1.0

    2.2 Features Request报文

    控制器6633端口(我需要你的特征信息) 发送给---> 交换机47788端口

    2.3 Set Config报文

    控制器6633端口(请按照我给你的flag和max bytes of packet进行配置) 发送给---> 交换机47788端口

    2.4 Features Reply报文

    交换机35534端口(这是我的特征信息,请查收)---> 控制器47788端口

    交换机在收到控制器发出的 Features Request 消息后返回 Features Request 消息,Features 消息包括 OpenFlow Header 和 Features Reply Message。后者结构如下:

    struct ofp_switch_features{
        struct ofp_header header;
        uint64_t datapath_id; /*唯一标识 id 号*/
        uint32_t n_buffers; /*交缓冲区可以缓存的最大数据包个数*/
        uint8_t n_tables; /*流表数量*/
        uint8_t pad[3]; /*align to 64 bits*/
        uint32_t capabilities; /*支持的特殊功能,具体见 ofp_capabilities*/
        uint32_t actions; /*支持的动作,具体见 ofp_actions_type*/
        struct ofp_phy_port ports[0]; /*物理端口描述列表,具体见 ofp_phy_port*/
    };
    

    查看报文内容

    Frame 1148: 244 bytes on wire (1952 bits), 244 bytes captured (1952 bits) on interface 0
    Linux cooked capture
    Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 127.0.0.1, Dst: 127.0.0.1
    Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 47788, Dst Port: 6633, Seq: 201, Ack: 29, Len: 176
    OpenFlow 1.0
        .000 0001 = Version: 1.0 (0x01)
        Type: OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY (6)
        Length: 176
        Transaction ID: 3236891122
        Datapath unique ID: 0x0000000000000001
            MAC addr: 00:00:00_00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00)
            Implementers part: 0x0001
        n_buffers: 0
        n_tables: 254
        Pad: 000000
        capabilities: 0x000000c7
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 = Flow statistics: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..1. = Table statistics: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. = Port statistics: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = Group statistics: False
            .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = Can reassemble IP fragments: False
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. .... = Queue statistics: True
            .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... .... = Switch will block looping ports: False
        actions: 0x00000fff
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 = Output to switch port: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..1. = Set the 802.1q VLAN id: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. = Set the 802.1q priority: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 1... = Strip the 802.1q header: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 .... = Ethernet source address: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... ..1. .... = Ethernet destination address: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. .... = IP source address: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .... 1... .... = IP destination address: True
            .... .... .... .... .... ...1 .... .... = IP ToS (DSCP field, 6 bits): True
            .... .... .... .... .... ..1. .... .... = TCP/UDP source port: True
            .... .... .... .... .... .1.. .... .... = TCP/UDP destination port: True
            .... .... .... .... .... 1... .... .... = Output to queue: True
        Port data 1
            Port number: 65534
            HW Address: 1a:8a:04:ee:d3:4c (1a:8a:04:ee:d3:4c)
            Port Name: s1
            Config flags: 0x00000001
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 = Port is administratively down: True
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = Disable 802.1D spanning tree on port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = Drop all packets except 802.1D spanning tree packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = Drop received 802.1D STP packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = Do not include this port when flooding: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = Drop packets forwarded to port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... = Do not send packet-in msgs for port: False
            State flags: 0x00000001
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 = No physical link present: True
            Current features: 0x00000000
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = 10 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = 10 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = 100 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = 100 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = 1 Gb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = 1 Gb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... = 10 Gb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... .... = Copper medium: False
                .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... .... = Fiber medium: False
                .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... .... = Auto-negotiation: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... .... = Pause: False
                .... .... .... .... .... 0... .... .... = Asymmetric pause: False
            Advertised features: 0x00000000
            Features supported: 0x00000000
            Features advertised by peer: 0x00000000
        Port data 2
            Port number: 1
            HW Address: 8e:d7:10:bc:b3:36 (8e:d7:10:bc:b3:36)
            Port Name: s1-eth1
            Config flags: 0x00000000
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = Port is administratively down: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = Disable 802.1D spanning tree on port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = Drop all packets except 802.1D spanning tree packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = Drop received 802.1D STP packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = Do not include this port when flooding: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = Drop packets forwarded to port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... = Do not send packet-in msgs for port: False
            State flags: 0x00000000
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = No physical link present: False
            Current features: 0x000000c0
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = 10 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = 10 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = 100 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = 100 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = 1 Gb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = 1 Gb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. .... = 10 Gb full-duplex rate support: True
                .... .... .... .... .... .... 1... .... = Copper medium: True
                .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... .... = Fiber medium: False
                .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... .... = Auto-negotiation: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... .... = Pause: False
                .... .... .... .... .... 0... .... .... = Asymmetric pause: False
            Advertised features: 0x00000000
            Features supported: 0x00000000
            Features advertised by peer: 0x00000000
        Port data 3
            Port number: 2
            HW Address: 26:48:18:51:fe:63 (26:48:18:51:fe:63)
            Port Name: s1-eth2
            Config flags: 0x00000000
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = Port is administratively down: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = Disable 802.1D spanning tree on port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = Drop all packets except 802.1D spanning tree packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = Drop received 802.1D STP packets: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = Do not include this port when flooding: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = Drop packets forwarded to port: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... = Do not send packet-in msgs for port: False
            State flags: 0x00000000
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = No physical link present: False
            Current features: 0x000000c0
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 = 10 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. = 10 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .0.. = 100 Mb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0... = 100 Mb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... = 1 Gb half-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... = 1 Gb full-duplex rate support: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .... .1.. .... = 10 Gb full-duplex rate support: True
                .... .... .... .... .... .... 1... .... = Copper medium: True
                .... .... .... .... .... ...0 .... .... = Fiber medium: False
                .... .... .... .... .... ..0. .... .... = Auto-negotiation: False
                .... .... .... .... .... .0.. .... .... = Pause: False
                .... .... .... .... .... 0... .... .... = Asymmetric pause: False
            Advertised features: 0x00000000
            Features supported: 0x00000000
            Features advertised by peer: 0x00000000
    
    

    2.5 Packet_in报文

    交换机47788端口(有数据包进来,请指示)--- 控制器6633端口

    有两种情况会触发交换机向控制器发送 Packet-in 消息:

    当交换机收到一个数据包后,查找流表。如果流表中有匹配条目,则交换机按照流表所指示的 action 列表处理数据包。如果没有,则交换机将数据包封装在 Packet-in 消息中发送给控制器处理,注意这时候数据包仍然会被放进缓冲区等待处理而不是被丢弃。
    数据包在流表中有匹配的条目,但是其中所指示的 action 列表中包含转发给控制器的动作(Output = CONTROLLER),注意这时候数据包不会被放进缓冲区。
    Packet-in消息格式如下:
    
    struct ofp_packet_in {
        struct ofp_header header;
        uint32_t buffer_id; /*Packet-in消息所携带的数据包在交换机缓存区中的ID*/
        uint16_t total_len; /*data字段的长度*/
        uint16_t in_port; /*数据包进入交换机时的端口号*/
        uint8_t reason; /*发送Packet-in消息的原因,具体见 ofp_packet_in_reason*/
        uint8_t pad;
        uint8_t data[0]; /*携带的数据包*/
    };
    

    分析抓取的数据包

    Frame 1176: 176 bytes on wire (1408 bits), 176 bytes captured (1408 bits) on interface 0
    Linux cooked capture
    Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 127.0.0.1, Dst: 127.0.0.1
    Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 47788, Dst Port: 6633, Seq: 377, Ack: 29, Len: 108
    OpenFlow 1.0
        .000 0001 = Version: 1.0 (0x01)
        Type: OFPT_PACKET_IN (10)
        Length: 108
        Transaction ID: 0
        Buffer Id: 0xffffffff
        Total length: 90
        In port: 1
        Reason: No matching flow (table-miss flow entry) (0)
        Pad: 00
        Ethernet II, Src: 32:47:7d:ae:a0:60 (32:47:7d:ae:a0:60), Dst: IPv6mcast_16 (33:33:00:00:00:16)
            Destination: IPv6mcast_16 (33:33:00:00:00:16)
                Address: IPv6mcast_16 (33:33:00:00:00:16)
                .... ..1. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Locally administered address (this is NOT the factory default)
                .... ...1 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Group address (multicast/broadcast)
            Source: 32:47:7d:ae:a0:60 (32:47:7d:ae:a0:60)
                Address: 32:47:7d:ae:a0:60 (32:47:7d:ae:a0:60)
                .... ..1. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Locally administered address (this is NOT the factory default)
                .... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast)
            Type: IPv6 (0x86dd)
        Internet Protocol Version 6, Src: ::, Dst: ff02::16
            0110 .... = Version: 6
            .... 0000 0000 .... .... .... .... .... = Traffic Class: 0x00 (DSCP: CS0, ECN: Not-ECT)
                .... 0000 00.. .... .... .... .... .... = Differentiated Services Codepoint: Default (0)
                .... .... ..00 .... .... .... .... .... = Explicit Congestion Notification: Not ECN-Capable Transport (0)
            .... .... .... 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = Flow Label: 0x00000
            Payload Length: 36
            Next Header: IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option (0)
            Hop Limit: 1
            Source: ::
            Destination: ff02::16
            IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option
                Next Header: ICMPv6 (58)
                Length: 0
                [Length: 8 bytes]
                Router Alert
                    Type: Router Alert (0x05)
                        00.. .... = Action: Skip and continue (0)
                        ..0. .... = May Change: No
                        ...0 0101 = Low-Order Bits: 0x05
                    Length: 2
                    Router Alert: MLD (0)
                PadN
                    Type: PadN (0x01)
                        00.. .... = Action: Skip and continue (0)
                        ..0. .... = May Change: No
                        ...0 0001 = Low-Order Bits: 0x01
                    Length: 0
                    PadN: <none>
        Internet Control Message Protocol v6
            Type: Multicast Listener Report Message v2 (143)
            Code: 0
            Checksum: 0xce7b [correct]
            [Checksum Status: Good]
            Reserved: 0000
            Number of Multicast Address Records: 1
            Multicast Address Record Changed to exclude: ff02::1:ffae:a060
                Record Type: Changed to exclude (4)
                Aux Data Len: 0
                Number of Sources: 0
                Multicast Address: ff02::1:ffae:a060
    
    

    2.6 Packet_out报文

    控制器6633端口(请按照我给你的action进行处理) ---> 交换机47788端口

    Packet_out的结构

    struct ofp_packet_out {
        struct ofp_header header;
        uint32_t buffer_id; /*交换机缓存区id,如果为-1则指定的为packet-out消息携带的data字段*/
        uint16_t in_port; /*如果buffer_id为‐1,并且action列表中指定了Output=TABLE的动作,in_port将作为data段
    数据包的额外匹配信息进行流表查询*/
        uint16_t actions_len; /*action列表的长度,可以用来区分actions和data段*/
        struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /*动作列表*/
        uint8_t data[0]; /*数据缓存区,可以存储一个以太网帧,可选*/
    }
    

    告诉输出到交换机的47788端口

    Frame 1180: 182 bytes on wire (1456 bits), 182 bytes captured (1456 bits) on interface 0
    Linux cooked capture
    Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 127.0.0.1, Dst: 127.0.0.1
    Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 6633, Dst Port: 47788, Seq: 29, Ack: 485, Len: 114
    OpenFlow 1.0
        .000 0001 = Version: 1.0 (0x01)
        Type: OFPT_PACKET_OUT (13)
        Length: 114
        Transaction ID: 0
        Buffer Id: 0xffffffff
        In port: 1
        Actions length: 8
        Actions type: Output to switch port (0)
        Action length: 8
        Output port: 65531
        Max length: 0
        Ethernet II, Src: 32:47:7d:ae:a0:60 (32:47:7d:ae:a0:60), Dst: IPv6mcast_16 (33:33:00:00:00:16)
        Internet Protocol Version 6, Src: ::, Dst: ff02::16
        Internet Control Message Protocol v6
    
    

    接下来是另一台交换机(端口47790)与控制器(端口6633)的交互过程


    h1 ping h2



    flow_mod
    结合flow_mod结构

    struct ofp_flow_mod {
        struct ofp_header header;
        struct ofp_match match; /*流表的匹配域*/ 
        uint64_t cookie; /*流表项标识符*/
        uint16_t command; /*可以是ADD,DELETE,DELETE-STRICT,MODIFY,MODIFY-STRICT*/
        uint16_t idle_timeout; /*空闲超时时间*/
        uint16_t hard_timeout; /*最大生存时间*/
        uint16_t priority; /*优先级,优先级高的流表项优先匹配*/
        uint32_t buffer_id; /*缓存区ID ,用于指定缓存区中的一个数据包按这个消息的action列表处理*/  
        uint16_t out_port; /*如果这条消息是用于删除流表则需要提供额外的匹配参数*/
        uint16_t flags; /*标志位,可以用来指示流表删除后是否发送flow‐removed消息,添加流表时是否检查流表重复项,添加的流表项是否为应急流表项。*/
        struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /*action列表*/
    };
    

    分析抓取的flow_mod数据包,控制器通过6633端口向交换机47790端口、交换机47788端口下发流表项,指导数据的转发处理



    2.8 把控制器从openflow reference改成ovs controller


    在hello报文中可以发现控制器支持的OpenFlow版本从1.0变成了1.3,因此,经过协商交换机和控制器之间将通过1.3版本的OpenFlow协议进行通信

    flow_mod

    总结

    通过这次实验,了解了OpenFlow交换机和控制器之间的交互步骤,以及之间的openflow之间的协议传输,以及之间的各种报文。之间的步骤:
    1.控制器与交互及互相发送 Hello 消息。
    2.Features Request,OpenFlow 连接建立之后,控制器获得交换机的特性信息。
    3.Features Reply,交换机在收到控制器发出的 Features Request 消息后返回 Features Request 消息。
    4.Set config,知道了交换机的特性之后配置交换机。
    5. Packet-in
    6. Packet-out
    通过这次实验对于OpenFlow协议的理解进一步加深了,收获不少。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ljc01/p/11871433.html
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