Android Bluetooth API 翻译http://wenku.baidu.com/view/518414b069dc5022aaea007b.html?from=rec&pos=2&weight=167&lastweight=111&count=5
由于近期正在开发一个通过蓝牙进行数据传递的模块，在参考了有关资料，并详细阅读了Android的官方文档后，总结了Android中蓝牙模块的使用。
1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限
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<STRONG> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> |
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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> </STRONG> |
2. 配置本机蓝牙模块
在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter
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BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); |
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//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 |
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Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); |
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startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1); |
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//直接打开蓝牙 |
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adapter.enable(); |
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//关闭蓝牙 |
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adapter.disable(); |
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//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒） |
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discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间（最多300秒）Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); |
3.搜索蓝牙设备
使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。
请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：
ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索
ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束
ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能
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// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver |
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private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { |
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public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { |
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String action = intent.getAction(); |
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// 发现设备 |
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if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { |
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// 从Intent中获取设备对象 |
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BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); |
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// 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示 |
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mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); |
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} |
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} |
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}; |
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// 注册BroadcastReceiver |
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IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); |
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registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 |
4. 蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。
服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。
服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）
调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）
如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）
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private class AcceptThread extends Thread { |
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private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; |
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|
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public AcceptThread() { |
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// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, |
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// because mmServerSocket is final |
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BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; |
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try { |
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// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code |
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tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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mmServerSocket = tmp; |
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} |
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|
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public void run() { |
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BluetoothSocket socket = null; |
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// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned |
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while (true) { |
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try { |
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socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { |
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break; |
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} |
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// If a connection was accepted |
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if (socket != null) { |
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// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) |
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manageConnectedSocket(socket); |
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mmServerSocket.close(); |
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break; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ |
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public void cancel() { |
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try { |
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mmServerSocket.close(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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} |
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} |
通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService
调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）
调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回
注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败
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<STRONG> private class ConnectThread extends Thread { |
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private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; |
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private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; |
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|
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public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { |
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// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, |
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// because mmSocket is final |
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BluetoothSocket tmp = null; |
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mmDevice = device; |
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|
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// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice |
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try { |
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// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code |
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tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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mmSocket = tmp; |
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} |
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|
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public void run() { |
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// Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection |
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mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); |
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|
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try { |
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// Connect the device through the socket. This will block |
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// until it succeeds or throws an exception |
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mmSocket.connect(); |
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} catch (IOException connectException) { |
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// Unable to connect; close the socket and get out |
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try { |
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mmSocket.close(); |
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} catch (IOException closeException) { } |
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return; |
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} |
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|
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// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) |
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manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); |
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} |
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|
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/** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ |
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public void cancel() { |
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try { |
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mmSocket.close(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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} |
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} </STRONG> |
分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream
使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作
注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）
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<STRONG> private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { |
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private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; |
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private final InputStream mmInStream; |
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private final OutputStream mmOutStream; |
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|
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public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { |
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mmSocket = socket; |
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InputStream tmpIn = null; |
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OutputStream tmpOut = null; |
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|
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// Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because |
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// member streams are final |
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try { |
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tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); |
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tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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|
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mmInStream = tmpIn; |
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mmOutStream = tmpOut; |
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} |
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|
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public void run() { |
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byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // buffer store for the stream |
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int bytes; // bytes returned from read() |
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|
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// Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs |
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while (true) { |
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try { |
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// Read from the InputStream |
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bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); |
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// Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity |
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mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer) |
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.sendToTarget(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { |
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break; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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|
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/* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ |
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public void write(byte[] bytes) { |
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try { |
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mmOutStream.write(bytes); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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} |
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|
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/* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ |
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public void cancel() { |
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try { |
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mmSocket.close(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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} |
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} </STRONG> |
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/gd920129/article/details/7487761