cx_Oracle安装说明

• 简介

  cx_Oracle是用python连接oracle的驱动模块，参考文章：
  [cx_Oracle文档](http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/html/index.html)
  [木匣子](http://www.cnblogs.com/hzhida/archive/2012/08/13/2636735.html)

1. 下载安装包

   cx_Oracle-5.1.2-10g-py26-1.x86_64.rpm
   oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
   oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

   官网下载地址：

   http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
   http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/

2. 安装

   安装命令：
   rpm -Uvh cx_Oracle-5.1.2-10g-py26-1.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -Uvh oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -Uvh oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

3. 配置环境变量

   vi /etc/profile在/etc/profile文件追加如下信息：
   export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64
   export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
   export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

   执行：

   source /etc/profile

4. 验证安装是否成功

   验证方法：在目标服务器上执行:
   python，import cx_Oracle

   如果验证失败，参考5异常处理

5. 异常处理 如果出现下面的错误：

   [root@client oracle]# python
    import cx_Oracle
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
   ImportError: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   ImportError: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   这是由于驱动文件名称不对引起的
   在服务器上执行命令：
   find / -name libclntsh.so.*
   [root@client oracle]# find / -name libclntsh.so.*
   /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1
   可见是文件名称不对，执行如下命令：
   cp /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.12.1 
   /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
   重新执行第四步，验证安装是否成功

• cx_Oracle增删改查

   import cx_Oracle

• 连接

  dsn=cx_Oracle.makedsn(host, int(port), dbname)
  self.conn = cx_Oracle.connect(user, passwd ,dsn)
  self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

• 插

  def insert(self, sql, param, flag = True):
        sql = self.sqltran(sql, param)
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.conn.commit()

• 查

  def selectall(self, sql, param=None):
        sql = self.sqltran(sql, param)
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()
        return result

• 更新

  def update(self, sql, param=None, flag = True):    
        sql = self.sqltran(sql, param)
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.conn.commit()

• 删

  def delete(self, sql, param=None):     
        sql = self.sqltran(sql, param)
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.conn.commit()

• 关闭连接

  def __del__( self ):
        if self.conn :
        self.conn.close()

• sql转换

  def sqltran(self,sql,param):
        for i in range(0,len(param)):
            sql = sql.replace('%s',str(param[i]),1)
        return sql

• 测试方法

  if __name__ == '__main__':
  param = ('id','name','addr',1)
  sql1= 'select id ,name, addr from test'
  sql0= 'select %s,%s,%s from test'
  sql2= 'insert into test (%s,%s,%s)values(4,4,4)'
  sql3= 'update test set name=222 where id=%s'
  sql4= 'delete from test where id=%s'
  print oracle.selectall(sql0,param)
  print oracle.insert(sql2, param)
  print oracle.selectOne(sql0,param)
  print oracle.update(sql3,('3'))
  print oracle.delete(sql4,('4'))
  print oracle.selectall(sql0,param)
  print 'success'