Entity Framework DBContext 增删改查深度解析
有一段时间没有更新博客了,赶上今天外面下雨,而且没人约球,打算把最近对Entity Framework DBContext使用的心得梳理一下,早些时候在网上简单查过,对于最新版本的EF并没有类似的知识梳理类文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 不要Code first, 也不要DB first
我为什么讨厌Code first和DB first呢?首先Code first是先写代码,数据库完全由代码生成,开发阶段尚可,一旦到了产品发布阶段,如果需要添加字段,我们总不能用 visual studio去生产环境上去更新数据库吧,听起来就很可怕。而且另外的一个问题自动是生成的数据库脚本也不可控,还不如自己提前设计好。DB first也好不了哪去,反向转过来的代码包含很多没有用的文件,而且数据库的更新还要重新走Model生成过程,简直无法理解为什么会有这样的设计。说了这么多,怎么解决呢?
数据库和领域模型分开设计,按照对应关系映射字段,使用自定义链接字串,既不使用领域模型生成数据库,也不用数据库生成领域模型,示例代码如下,SQL Code 以 Destinations和TTable表为例:
CREATE TABLE [DBO].[Destinations] ( [DestinationId] [int] PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Country] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Description] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Photo] [varbinary](max) NULL )
CREATE TABLE [TTT].[TTable]
(
[Id] [int] PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
[Name] [nvarchar](max) NULL
)
Model Class:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Model { public class Destination { public int DestinationId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Country { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } public byte[] Photo { get; set; } public List<Lodging> Lodgings { get; set; } } public class Lodging { public int LodgingId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Owner { get; set; } public bool IsResort { get; set; } public Destination Destination { get; set; } } public class TTable { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } }
Connect String:
<connectionStrings> <add name="BAContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=DataAccess.BreakAwayContext;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings>
DB Context:
using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; using Model; namespace DataAccess { public class TTableConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<TTable> { public TTableConfiguration() { this.ToTable("TTable", "TTT"); } } public class BreakAwayContext : DbContext { protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new TTableConfiguration()); } public BreakAwayContext(string connString) : base(connString) { } public DbSet<Destination> Destinations { get; set; } public DbSet<Lodging> Lodgings { get; set; } public DbSet<TTable> TTables { get; set; } } }
2. 如果数据库的表的字段和领域模型的字段不对应,如何处理呢?比如本文的TTable表是在TTT Schema下面的, 而其他表示设计在DBO下面,最方便的方式是使用fluent API, 具体代码如请参见 TTableConfiguration Class和 OnModelCreating()方法,可配置的粒度非常细,比如可以配置领域模型和数据库的哪个Schema的哪张表的哪一列对应,本文是将TTable 类的数据库表配置为了TTT Schema下的TTable表,
public class TTableConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<TTable> { public TTableConfiguration() { this.ToTable("TTable", "TTT"); } }
3. 增删该查自带事物支持,具体代码如下,
public static int Insert() { var destination = new Destination { Country = "Chs", Description = "Chs is the language package", Name = "xsss" }; using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var rt = context.Destinations.Add(destination); context.SaveChanges(); return rt.DestinationId; } } public static void Update(Destination destIn) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var dest = context.Destinations.Where(a => a.DestinationId == destIn.DestinationId).Single(); dest.Name = destIn.Name; context.SaveChanges(); } } public static void Delete(int destId) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var destination = new Destination() { DestinationId = destId }; context.Destinations.Attach(destination); context.Destinations.Remove(destination); context.SaveChanges(); } } public static Destination Query(int destId) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { IQueryable<Destination> dest = context.Destinations.Where(a => a.DestinationId == destId); return dest.Single(); } }
4. 如果需要多个操作同时成功或者失败,需要手动开启事务,具体代码如下,
public static void TransactionOps() { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { using (var dbContextTransaction = context.Database.BeginTransaction()) { try { var destination = new Destination { Country = "Chs", Description = "Chs is the language package", Name = "xs2s" }; var destId = context.Destinations.Add(destination); context.SaveChanges(); context.Destinations.Attach(destId); context.Destinations.Remove(destId); context.SaveChanges(); dbContextTransaction.Commit(); } catch (System.Exception ex) { dbContextTransaction.Rollback(); System.Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); } } } }
5. 分页查询是网站设计的常用功能,一个简单的真分页查询方法如下如下所示,
public static List<Destination> QueryPaging<TKey>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, Expression<Func<Destination, bool>> whereLambda, Expression<Func<Destination, TKey>> orderBy) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { return context.Destinations.Where(whereLambda).OrderBy(orderBy).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList(); } }
总结
本文对最新版本的Entity Framework进行增删改查操作给出了详尽的解释,并且给出了数据库和领域模型代码分开设计的完整解决方案,同时介绍了手动数据库表和领域模型映射,数据库事务实现,分页查询等常用功能,希望对大家有所帮助。