在人工手动进行一些数据库写操作的时候（比方说数据订正），尤其是一些不可控的批量更新或删除，通常都建议备份后操作。不过不怕万一，就怕一万，有备无患总是好的。在线上或者测试环境误操作导致数据被删除或者更新后，想要恢复，一般有两种方法。
方法一、利用最近的全量备份+增量binlog备份，恢复到误操作之前的状态，但是随着数据量的增大，binlog的增多，恢复起来很费时。
方法二、如果binlog的格式为row，那么就可以将binlog解析出来生成反向的原始SQL
以下是利用方法二写的一个python脚本binlog_rollback.py，可利用此脚本生成反向的原始SQL。
说明：
0、前提是binlog的格式为row
1、要恢复的表操作前后表结构没有发生变更，否则脚本无法解析
2、只生成DML(insert/update/delete)的rollback语句
3、最终生成的SQL是逆序的，所以最新的DML会生成在输入文件的最前面，并且带上了时间戳和偏移点，方便查找目标
4、需要提供一个连接MySQL的只读用户，主要是为了获取表结构
5、如果binlog过大，建议带上时间范围，也可以指定只恢复某个库的SQL
6、SQL生成后，请务必在测试环境上测试恢复后再应用到线上
脚本代码
#!/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import os,sys,re,getopt import MySQLdb host = '127.0.0.1' user = '' password = '' port = 3306 start_datetime = '1971-01-01 00:00:00' stop_datetime = '2037-01-01 00:00:00' start_position = '4' stop_position = '18446744073709551615' database = '' mysqlbinlog_bin = 'mysqlbinlog -v' binlog = '' fileContent = '' output='rollback.sql' only_primary = 0 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 功能:获取参数,生成相应的binlog解析文件 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- def getopts_parse_binlog(): global host global user global password global port global fileContent global output global binlog global start_datetime global stop_datetime global start_position global stop_position global database global only_primary try: options, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "f:o:h:u:p:P:d:", ["help","binlog=","output=","host=","user=","password=","port=","start-datetime=", "stop-datetime=","start-position=","stop-position=","database=","only-primary="]) except getopt.GetoptError: print "参数输入有误!!!!!" options = [] if options == [] or options[0][0] in ("--help"): usage() sys.exit() print "正在获取参数....." for name, value in options: if name == "-f" or name == "--binlog": binlog = value if name == "-o" or name == "--output": output = value if name == "-h" or name == "--host": host = value if name == "-u" or name == "--user": user = value if name == "-p" or name == "--password": password = value if name == "-P" or name == "--port": port = value if name == "--start-datetime": start_datetime = value if name == "--stop-datetime": stop_datetime = value if name == "--start-position": start_position = value if name == "--stop-position": stop_position = value if name == "-d" or name == "--database": database = value if name == "--only-primary" : only_primary = value if binlog == '' : print "错误:请指定binlog文件名!" usage() if user == '' : print "错误:请指定用户名!" usage() if password == '' : print "错误:请指定密码!" usage() if database <> '' : condition_database = "--database=" + "'" + database + "'" else: condition_database = '' print "正在解析binlog....." fileContent=os.popen("%s %s --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS --start-datetime='%s' --stop-datetime='%s' --start-position='%s' --stop-position='%s' %s |grep '###' -B 2|sed -e 's/### //g' -e 's/^INSERT/##INSERT/g' -e 's/^UPDATE/##UPDATE/g' -e 's/^DELETE/##DELETE/g' " %(mysqlbinlog_bin,binlog,start_datetime,stop_datetime,start_position,stop_position,condition_database)).read() #print fileContent # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 功能:初始化binlog里的所有表名和列名,用全局字典result_dict来储存每个表有哪些列 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- def init_col_name(): global result_dict global pri_dict global fileContent result_dict = {} pri_dict = {} table_list = re.findall('`.*`\.`.*`',fileContent) table_list = list(set(table_list)) #table_list 为所有在这段binlog里出现过的表 print "正在初始化列名....." for table in table_list: sname = table.split('.')[0].replace('`','') tname = table.split('.')[1].replace('`','') #连接数据库获取列和列id try: conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=host,user=user,passwd=password,port=int(port)) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("select ordinal_position,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema='%s' and table_name='%s' " %(sname,tname)) result=cursor.fetchall() if result == () : print 'Warning:'+sname+'.'+tname+'已删除' #sys.exit() result_dict[sname+'.'+tname]=result cursor.execute("select ordinal_position,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema='%s' and table_name='%s' and column_key='PRI' " %(sname,tname)) pri=cursor.fetchall() #print pri pri_dict[sname+'.'+tname]=pri cursor.close() conn.close() except MySQLdb.Error, e: try: print "Error %d:%s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1]) except IndexError: print "MySQL Error:%s" % str(e) sys.exit() #print result_dict #print pri_dict # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 功能:拼凑回滚sql,逆序 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- def gen_rollback_sql(): global only_primary fileOutput = open(output, 'w') #先将文件根据'--'分块,每块代表一个sql area_list=fileContent.split('-- ') #逆序读取分块 print "正在开始拼凑sql....." for area in area_list[::-1]: #由于一条sql可能影响多行,每个sql又可以分成多个逐条执行的sql sql_list = area.split('##') #先将pos点和timestamp传入输出文件中 for sql_head in sql_list[0].splitlines(): sql_head = '#'+sql_head+' ' fileOutput.write(sql_head) #逐条sql进行替换更新,逆序 for sql in sql_list[::-1][0:-1]: try: if sql.split()[0] == 'INSERT': rollback_sql = re.sub('^INSERT INTO', 'DELETE FROM', sql, 1) rollback_sql = re.sub('SET ', 'WHERE ', rollback_sql, 1) tablename_pos = 2 table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '') # 获取该sql中的所有列 col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@d+', rollback_sql)))) # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][0][1]+'=') for col in col_list[1:]: i = int(col[1:]) - 1 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', 'AND ' + result_dict[table_name][i][1]+'=',1) # 如果only_primary开启且存在主键,where条件里就只列出主键字段 if int(only_primary) == 1 and pri_dict[table_name] <> (): sub_where = '' for primary in pri_dict[table_name]: primary_name = primary[1] for condition in rollback_sql.split('WHERE', 1)[1].splitlines(): if re.compile('^s*'+primary_name).match(condition) or re.compile('^s*ANDs*'+primary_name).match(condition): sub_where = sub_where + condition + ' ' sub_where = re.sub('^s*AND', '', sub_where, 1) rollback_sql = rollback_sql.split('WHERE', 1)[0] + 'WHERE ' + sub_where if sql.split()[0] == 'UPDATE': rollback_sql = re.sub('SET ', '#SET# ', sql, 1) rollback_sql = re.sub('WHERE ', 'SET ', rollback_sql, 1) rollback_sql = re.sub('#SET# ', 'WHERE ', rollback_sql, 1) tablename_pos = 1 table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '') # 获取该sql中的所有列 col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@d+', rollback_sql)))) # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][0][1] + '=') for col in col_list[1:]: i = int(col[1:]) - 1 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', ',' + result_dict[table_name][i][1]+'=', 1).replace(col+'=','AND ' +result_dict[table_name][i][1]+'=') # 如果only_primary开启且存在主键,where条件里就只列出主键字段 if int(only_primary) == 1 and pri_dict[table_name] <> (): sub_where = '' for primary in pri_dict[table_name]: primary_name = primary[1] for condition in rollback_sql.split('WHERE', 1)[1].splitlines(): if re.compile('^s*' + primary_name).match(condition) or re.compile('^s*ANDs*'+primary_name).match(condition): sub_where = sub_where + condition + ' ' sub_where = re.sub('^s*AND', '', sub_where, 1) rollback_sql = rollback_sql.split('WHERE', 1)[0] + 'WHERE ' + sub_where if sql.split()[0] == 'DELETE': rollback_sql = re.sub('^DELETE FROM', 'INSERT INTO', sql, 1) rollback_sql = re.sub('WHERE ', 'SET ', rollback_sql, 1) tablename_pos = 2 table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '') # 获取该sql中的所有列 col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@d+', rollback_sql)))) # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][0][1] + '=') for col in col_list[1:]: i = int(col[1:]) - 1 rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', ',' + result_dict[table_name][i][1]+'=',1) rollback_sql = re.sub(' $','; ',rollback_sql) #print rollback_sql fileOutput.write(rollback_sql) except IndexError,e: print "Error:%s" % str(e) sys.exit() print "done!" def usage(): help_info="""========================================================================================== Command line options : --help # OUT : print help info -f, --binlog # IN : binlog file. (required) -o, --outfile # OUT : output rollback sql file. (default 'rollback.sql') -h, --host # IN : host. (default '127.0.0.1') -u, --user # IN : user. (required) -p, --password # IN : password. (required) -P, --port # IN : port. (default 3306) --start-datetime # IN : start datetime. (default '1970-01-01 00:00:00') --stop-datetime # IN : stop datetime. default '2070-01-01 00:00:00' --start-position # IN : start position. (default '4') --stop-position # IN : stop position. (default '18446744073709551615') -d, --database # IN : List entries for just this database (No default value). --only-primary # IN : Only list primary key in where condition (default 0) Sample : shell> python binlog_rollback.py -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/rollback.sql' -h 192.168.0.1 -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -P 3307 -d dbname ==========================================================================================""" print help_info sys.exit() if __name__ == '__main__': getopts_parse_binlog() init_col_name() gen_rollback_sql()
演示
#首先创建一个只读账号 root:test> grant select on *.* to 'query'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) #测试表结构如下 root:test> CREATE TABLE `table1` ( -> `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, -> `c2` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, -> `c3` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) #插入三条数据 root:test> insert into table1(c1,c2,c3) values (1,'a',1),(2,'b',2),(3,'c',3); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 root:test> select * from table1; +----+------+------+------+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+------+------+------+ | 1 | 1 | a | 1 | | 2 | 2 | b | 2 | | 3 | 3 | c | 3 | +----+------+------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) #更新一条数据 root:test> update table1 set c3=10 where id=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 root:test> select * from table1; +----+------+------+------+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+------+------+------+ | 1 | 1 | a | 1 | | 2 | 2 | b | 2 | | 3 | 3 | c | 10 | +----+------+------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) #删除一条数据 root:test> delete from table1 where id=1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) root:test> select * from table1; +----+------+------+------+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+------+------+------+ | 2 | 2 | b | 2 | | 3 | 3 | c | 10 | +----+------+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
接下来利用脚本来生成反向SQL
[root@diandi ~]# python binlog_rollback.py -f /log/mysql/bin/mysql-bin.000002 -o rollback.sql -u query -p 123456 --start-datetime='2016-10-28 00:00:00' -d test 正在获取参数..... 正在解析binlog..... 正在初始化列名..... 正在开始拼凑sql..... done!
查看反向SQL，最新的DML会生成在输入文件的最前面
[root@diandi ~]# cat rollback.sql ## at 155848 ##161028 17:07:10 server id 22100 end_log_pos 155898 CRC32 0x5000bca7 Delete_rows: table id 351 flags: STMT_END_F INSERT INTO `test`.`table1` SET id=1 ,c1=1 ,c2='a' ,c3=1; ## at 155560 ##161028 17:04:56 server id 22100 end_log_pos 155626 CRC32 0x11d91e2d Update_rows: table id 351 flags: STMT_END_F UPDATE `test`.`table1` SET id=3 ,c1=3 ,c2='c' ,c3=3 WHERE id=3 AND c1=3 AND c2='c' AND c3=10; ## at 155258 ##161028 16:59:31 server id 22100 end_log_pos 155338 CRC32 0x3978c1c1 Write_rows: table id 351 flags: STMT_END_F DELETE FROM `test`.`table1` WHERE id=3 AND c1=3 AND c2='c' AND c3=3; DELETE FROM `test`.`table1` WHERE id=2 AND c1=2 AND c2='b' AND c3=2; DELETE FROM `test`.`table1` WHERE id=1 AND c1=1 AND c2='a' AND c3=1;
执行回滚操作
#直接source整个文件，table1将恢复到原来的空表状态（实际情况，在测试环境上按需索取，然后再恢复线上） root:test> source /root/rollback.sql Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) root:test> select * from table1; Empty set (0.00 sec)
具体的参数使用方法如下：
[root@diandi ~]# python binlog_rollback.py ========================================================================================== Command line options : --help # OUT : print help info -f, --binlog # IN : binlog file. (required) -o, --outfile # OUT : output rollback sql file. (default 'rollback.sql') -h, --host # IN : host. (default '127.0.0.1') -u, --user # IN : user. (required) -p, --password # IN : password. (required) -P, --port # IN : port. (default 3306) --start-datetime # IN : start datetime. (default '1970-01-01 00:00:00') --stop-datetime # IN : stop datetime. default '2070-01-01 00:00:00' --start-position # IN : start position. (default '4') --stop-position # IN : stop position. (default '18446744073709551615') -d, --database # IN : List entries for just this database (No default value). --only-primary # IN : Only list primary key in where condition (default 0) Sample : shell> python binlog_rollback.py -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/rollback.sql' -h 192.168.0.1 -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -P 3307 -d dbname