建立简单的VLAN通信

http://minitoo.blog.51cto.com/4201040/786011（转载）

在路由器上做单臂路由实现VLAN间路由，也就是设置子接口和封装协议。

实现环境如下图：

 

1. 在交换机上建立VLAN，并将交换机的各端口按部门划分到各VLAN。

Switch>enable

Switch#config terminal

Switch(config)#vlan 2

Switch(config-vlan)#name shengchan

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#vlan 3

Switch(config-vlan)#name xiaoshou

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#vlan 4

Switch(config-vlan)#name xingzheng

Switch(config-vlan)#exit

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2

Switch(config-if)#exit

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/2

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

Switch(config-if)#exit

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/3

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4

Switch(config-if)#exit

1. 在交换机连接路由器的接口上配置TRUNK，并使TRUNK传输所有的VLAN的数据包。

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/4

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allow vlan all

Switch(config-if)#exit

1. 在路由器连接交换机的端口上去掉IP地址，使之成为二层接口。

Router>enable

Router#config terminal

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

Router(config-if)#no ip address

Router(config-if)#exit

1. 在路由器上开启连接交换机的端口（no shtudwon），设置子接口IP地址，此IP地址将自动成为各VLAN的网关。

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0.2

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

Router(config-subif)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0.3

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 3

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

Router(config-subif)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0.4

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 4

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

Router(config-subif)#exit

OK，配置完成，现在可以在VLAN2上ping一下VLAN3、VLAN4，测试连通性。

PC>ipconfig /all

Physical Address................: 0001.9751.4CB5

IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2

Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1

DNS Servers.....................: 0.0.0.0

PC>ping 192.168.3.2

Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=8ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 8ms, Maximum = 18ms, Average = 13ms

PC>ping 192.168.4.2

Pinging 192.168.4.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=127

Reply from 192.168.4.2: bytes=32 time=18ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.2:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 18ms, Average = 15ms