• [转]用代码访问 Https


    可以参考: https://blog.csdn.net/irokay/article/details/78801307

    跳过证书验证方法

    HttpClient简介
    HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中,比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。更多信息请关注http://hc.apache.org/

    请求步骤
    许多需要后台模拟请求的系统或者框架都用的是httpclient,使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可:

    创建CloseableHttpClient对象。
    创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
    如果需要发送请求参数,可可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。setParams方法已过时(4.4.1版本)。
    调用HttpGet、HttpPost对象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法设置header信息,或者调用setHeaders(Header[] headers)设置一组header信息。
    调用CloseableHttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个CloseableHttpResponse。
    调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容;调用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头。
    释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
    先看个官方HttpClient通过Http协议发送get请求,请求网页内容的例子:

    1.ClientWithResponseHandler.java

    /*
    *
    * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
    * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more
    * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
    * <http://www.apache.org/>.
    *
    */

    package org.apache.http.examples.client;

    import java.io.IOException;

    import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
    import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

    /**
    * This example demonstrates the use of the {@link ResponseHandler} to simplify
    * the process of processing the HTTP response and releasing associated resources.
    */
    public class ClientWithResponseHandler {

    public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    try {
    HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");

    System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());

    // Create a custom response handler
    ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {

    @Override
    public String handleResponse(
    final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
    if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
    } else {
    throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
    }
    }

    };
    String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler);
    System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
    System.out.println(responseBody);
    } finally {
    httpclient.close();
    }
    }

    }
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    我把上述例子中的请求地址改为了“http://www.baidu.com/”,运行后控制台可以获取百度首页网页内容:

    下面把地址改为https地址:https://www.baidu.com/,再次尝试运行:
    报错了,提示unable to find valid certification path to requested target,无法通过htpps认证。

    正规途径,我们需要将证书导入到密钥库中,现在我们采取另外一种方式:绕过https证书认证实现访问。

    2.Method SSLContext

    /**
    * 绕过验证
    *
    * @return
    * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
    * @throws KeyManagementException
    */
    public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
    SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");

    // 实现一个X509TrustManager接口,用于绕过验证,不用修改里面的方法
    X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
    @Override
    public void checkClientTrusted(
    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
    }

    @Override
    public void checkServerTrusted(
    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
    }

    @Override
    public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    return null;
    }
    };

    sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
    return sc;
    }
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    修改1中main方法:

    public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    String body = "";

    //采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
    SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();

    //设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
    Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
    .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
    .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
    .build();
    PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
    HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);


    //创建自定义的httpclient对象
    CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
    //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

    try{
    //创建get方式请求对象
    HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/");

    //指定报文头Content-type、User-Agent
    get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    get.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");

    //执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
    CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

    //获取结果实体
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    if (entity != null) {
    //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
    body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    }

    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    //释放链接
    response.close();
    System.out.println("body:" + body);
    } finally{
    client.close();
    }
    }
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    运行代码,获取网页内容成功!

    同理,再尝试下post请求:

    public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    String body = "";

    //采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
    SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
    //设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
    Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
    .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
    .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
    .build();
    PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
    HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);

    //创建自定义的httpclient对象
    CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
    //CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

    try{
    //创建post方式请求对象
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562");


    //指定报文头Content-type、User-Agent
    httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

    httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");


    //执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
    CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);

    //获取结果实体
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    if (entity != null) {
    //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
    body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    }

    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    //释放链接
    response.close();
    System.out.println("body:" + body);
    }finally{
    client.close();
    }
    }
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    https地址以豆瓣的一个api为例,获得ID为1220562的书的信息。
    运行代码:

    获取返回信息成功。

    本博客例子下载地址:
    http://download.csdn.net/download/irokay/10158259
    例子中包含以上工程代码,以及所需HttpClient组件jar库。

    参考:
    https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html
    http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoxian8023/article/details/49865335
    https://www.cnblogs.com/ITtangtang/p/3968093.html
    ---------------------
    作者:irokay
    来源:CSDN
    原文:https://blog.csdn.net/irokay/article/details/78801307
    版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/z5337/p/10936103.html
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