• 免费开源的DotNet任务调度组件Quartz.NET(.NET组件介绍之五)


        很多的软件项目中都会使用到定时任务、定时轮询数据库同步,定时邮件通知等功能。.NET Framework具有“内置”定时器功能,通过System.Timers.Timer类。在使用Timer类需要面对的问题:计时器没有持久化机制;计时器具有不灵活的计划(仅能设置开始时间和重复间隔,没有基于日期,时间等);计时器不使用线程池(每个定时器一个线程);计时器没有真正的管理方案 - 你必须编写自己的机制,以便能够记住,组织和检索任务的名称等。

        如果需要在.NET实现定时器的功能,可以尝试使用以下这款开源免费的组件Quartz.Net组件。目前Quartz.NET版本为3.0,修改了原来的一些问题:修复由于线程本地存储而不能与AdoJobStore协同工作的调度器信令;线程局部状态完全删除;quartz.serializer.type是必需的,即使非序列化RAMJobStore正在使用;JSON序列化错误地称为序列化回调。

    一.Quart.NET概述:  

         Quartz是一个作业调度系统,可以与任何其他软件系统集成或一起使用。作业调度程序是一个系统,负责在执行预处理程序时执行(或通知)其他软件组件 - 确定(调度)时间到达。Quartz是非常灵活的,并且包含多个使用范例,可以单独使用或一起使用,以实现您所需的行为,并使您能够以您的项目看起来最“自然”的方式编写代码。组件的使用非常轻便,并且需要非常少的设置/配置 - 如果您的需求相对基础,它实际上可以使用“开箱即用”。Quartz是容错的,并且可以在系统重新启动之间保留(记住)您的预定作业。尽管Quartz对于在给定的时间表上简单地运行某些系统进程非常有用,但当您学习如何使用Quartz来驱动应用程序的业务流程时,Quartz的全部潜能可以实现。

          Quartz是作为一个小的动态链接库(.dll文件)分发的,它包含所有的核心Quartz功能。 此功能的主要接口(API)是调度程序接口。 它提供简单的操作,如调度/非调度作业,启动/停止/暂停调度程序。如果你想安排你自己的软件组件执行,他们必须实现简单的Job接口,它包含方法execute()。 如果希望在计划的触发时间到达时通知组件,则组件应实现TriggerListener或JobListener接口。主要的Quartz'进程'可以在您自己的应用程序或独立应用程序(使用远程接口)中启动和运行。

    二.Quartz.NET主体类和方法解析:

        1.StdSchedulerFactory类:创建QuartzScheduler实例。

            /// <summary>
            /// 返回此工厂生成的调度程序的句柄。
            /// </summary>
            /// <remarks>
            ///如果<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法之一没有先前调用,然后是默认(no-arg)<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法将被这个方法调用。
            /// </remarks>
            public virtual IScheduler GetScheduler()
            {
                if (cfg == null)
                {
                    Initialize();
                }
    
                SchedulerRepository schedRep = SchedulerRepository.Instance;
    
                IScheduler sched = schedRep.Lookup(SchedulerName);
    
                if (sched != null)
                {
                    if (sched.IsShutdown)
                    {
                        schedRep.Remove(SchedulerName);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        return sched;
                    }
                }
    
                sched = Instantiate();
    
                return sched;
            }
    public interface ISchedulerFactory
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// Returns handles to all known Schedulers (made by any SchedulerFactory
            /// within this app domain.).
            /// </summary>
            ICollection<IScheduler> AllSchedulers { get; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Returns a client-usable handle to a <see cref="IScheduler" />.
            /// </summary>
            IScheduler GetScheduler();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// Returns a handle to the Scheduler with the given name, if it exists.
            /// </summary>
            IScheduler GetScheduler(string schedName);
        }

       2.JobDetailImpl:传递给定作业实例的详细信息属性。

     /// <summary>
            /// 获取或设置与<see cref =“IJob”/>相关联的<see cref =“JobDataMap”/>/// </summary>
            public virtual JobDataMap JobDataMap
            {
                get
                {
                    if (jobDataMap == null)
                    {
                        jobDataMap = new JobDataMap();
                    }
                    return jobDataMap;
                }
    
                set { jobDataMap = value; }
            }

       3.JobKey:键由名称和组组成,名称必须是唯一的,在组内。 如果只指定一个组,则默认组将使用名称。

     [Serializable]
        public sealed class JobKey : Key<JobKey>
        {
            public JobKey(string name) : base(name, null)
            {
            }
    
            public JobKey(string name, string group) : base(name, group)
            {
            }
    
            public static JobKey Create(string name)
            {
                return new JobKey(name, null);
            }
    
            public static JobKey Create(string name, string group)
            {
                return new JobKey(name, group);
            }
        }

       4.StdSchedulerFactory.Initialize():

            /// <summary> 
            /// 使用初始化<see cref =“ISchedulerFactory”/>
             ///给定键值集合对象的内容。
            /// </summary>
            public virtual void Initialize(NameValueCollection props)
            {
                cfg = new PropertiesParser(props);
                ValidateConfiguration();
            }
    
            protected virtual void ValidateConfiguration()
            {
                if (!cfg.GetBooleanProperty(PropertyCheckConfiguration, true))
                {
                    // should not validate
                    return;
                }
    
                // determine currently supported configuration keys via reflection
                List<string> supportedKeys = new List<string>();
                List<FieldInfo> fields = new List<FieldInfo>(GetType().GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy));
                // choose constant string fields
                fields = fields.FindAll(field => field.FieldType == typeof (string));
    
                // read value from each field
                foreach (FieldInfo field in fields)
                {
                    string value = (string) field.GetValue(null);
                    if (value != null && value.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) && value != ConfigurationKeyPrefix)
                    {
                        supportedKeys.Add(value);
                    }
                }
    
                // now check against allowed
                foreach (string configurationKey in cfg.UnderlyingProperties.AllKeys)
                {
                    if (!configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) || configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefixServer))
                    {
                        // don't bother if truly unknown property
                        continue;
                    }
    
                    bool isMatch = false;
                    foreach (string supportedKey in supportedKeys)
                    {
                        if (configurationKey.StartsWith(supportedKey, StringComparison.InvariantCulture))
                        {
                            isMatch = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!isMatch)
                    {
                        throw new SchedulerConfigException("Unknown configuration property '" + configurationKey + "'");
                    }
                }
    
            }

    三.Quartz.NET的基本应用:

        下面提供一些较为通用的任务处理代码:

      1.任务处理帮助类:

        /// <summary>
        /// 任务处理帮助类
        /// </summary>
        public class QuartzHelper
        {
            public QuartzHelper() { }
    
            public QuartzHelper(string quartzServer, string quartzPort)
            {
                Server = quartzServer;
                Port = quartzPort;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 锁对象
            /// </summary>
            private static readonly object Obj = new object();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 方案
            /// </summary>
            private const string Scheme = "tcp";
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 服务器的地址
            /// </summary>
            public static  string Server { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 服务器的端口
            /// </summary>
            public static  string Port { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 缓存任务所在程序集信息
            /// </summary>
            private static readonly Dictionary<string, Assembly> AssemblyDict = new Dictionary<string, Assembly>();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 程序调度
            /// </summary>
            private static IScheduler _scheduler;
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 初始化任务调度对象
            /// </summary>
            public static void InitScheduler()
            {
                try
                {
                    lock (Obj)
                    {
                        if (_scheduler != null) return;
                        //配置文件的方式,配置quartz实例
                        ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
                        _scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler();
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 启用任务调度
            /// 启动调度时会把任务表中状态为“执行中”的任务加入到任务调度队列中
            /// </summary>
            public static void StartScheduler()
            {
                try
                {
                    if (_scheduler.IsStarted) return;
                    //添加全局监听
                    _scheduler.ListenerManager.AddTriggerListener(new CustomTriggerListener(), GroupMatcher<TriggerKey>.AnyGroup());
                    _scheduler.Start();
    
                    //获取所有执行中的任务
                    List<TaskModel> listTask = TaskHelper.GetAllTaskList().ToList();
    
                    if (listTask.Count > 0)
                    {
                        foreach (TaskModel taskUtil in listTask)
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                ScheduleJob(taskUtil);
                            }
                            catch (Exception e)
                            {
                              throw new Exception(taskUtil.TaskName,e);
                            }
                        }
                    }              
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                   throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 启用任务
            /// <param name="task">任务信息</param>
            /// <param name="isDeleteOldTask">是否删除原有任务</param>
            /// <returns>返回任务trigger</returns>
            /// </summary>
            public static void ScheduleJob(TaskModel task, bool isDeleteOldTask = false)
            {
                if (isDeleteOldTask)
                {
                    //先删除现有已存在任务
                    DeleteJob(task.TaskID.ToString());
                }
                //验证是否正确的Cron表达式
                if (ValidExpression(task.CronExpressionString))
                {
                    IJobDetail job = new JobDetailImpl(task.TaskID.ToString(), GetClassInfo(task.AssemblyName, task.ClassName));
                    //添加任务执行参数
                    job.JobDataMap.Add("TaskParam", task.TaskParam);
    
                    CronTriggerImpl trigger = new CronTriggerImpl
                    {
                        CronExpressionString = task.CronExpressionString,
                        Name = task.TaskID.ToString(),
                        Description = task.TaskName
                    };
                    _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);
                    if (task.Status == TaskStatus.STOP)
                    {
                        JobKey jk = new JobKey(task.TaskID.ToString());
                        _scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        List<DateTime> list = GetNextFireTime(task.CronExpressionString, 5);
                        foreach (var time in list)
                        {
                            LogHelper.WriteLog(time.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new Exception(task.CronExpressionString + "不是正确的Cron表达式,无法启动该任务!");
                }
            }
    
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 初始化 远程Quartz服务器中的,各个Scheduler实例。
            /// 提供给远程管理端的后台,用户获取Scheduler实例的信息。
            /// </summary>
            public static void InitRemoteScheduler()
            {
                try
                {
                    NameValueCollection properties = new NameValueCollection
                    {
                        ["quartz.scheduler.instanceName"] = "ExampleQuartzScheduler",
                        ["quartz.scheduler.proxy"] = "true",
                        ["quartz.scheduler.proxy.address"] =string.Format("{0}://{1}:{2}/QuartzScheduler", Scheme, Server, Port)
                    };
    
                    ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(properties);
    
                    _scheduler = sf.GetScheduler();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                   throw new Exception(ex.StackTrace);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 删除现有任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="jobKey"></param>
            public static void DeleteJob(string jobKey)
            {
                try
                {
                    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
                    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
                    {
                        //任务已经存在则删除
                        _scheduler.DeleteJob(jk);
                       
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
          
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 暂停任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="jobKey"></param>
            public static void PauseJob(string jobKey)
            {
                try
                {
                    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
                    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
                    {
                        //任务已经存在则暂停任务
                        _scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 恢复运行暂停的任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="jobKey">任务key</param>
            public static void ResumeJob(string jobKey)
            {
                try
                {
                    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
                    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
                    {
                        //任务已经存在则暂停任务
                        _scheduler.ResumeJob(jk);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                  throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary> 
            /// 获取类的属性、方法  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="assemblyName">程序集</param>  
            /// <param name="className">类名</param>  
            private static Type GetClassInfo(string assemblyName, string className)
            {
                try
                {
                    assemblyName = FileHelper.GetAbsolutePath(assemblyName + ".dll");
                    Assembly assembly = null;
                    if (!AssemblyDict.TryGetValue(assemblyName, out assembly))
                    {
                        assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(assemblyName);
                        AssemblyDict[assemblyName] = assembly;
                    }
                    Type type = assembly.GetType(className, true, true);
                    return type;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 停止任务调度
            /// </summary>
            public static void StopSchedule()
            {
                try
                {
                    //判断调度是否已经关闭
                    if (!_scheduler.IsShutdown)
                    {
                        //等待任务运行完成
                        _scheduler.Shutdown(true);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                   throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 校验字符串是否为正确的Cron表达式
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="cronExpression">带校验表达式</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static bool ValidExpression(string cronExpression)
            {
                return CronExpression.IsValidExpression(cronExpression);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取任务在未来周期内哪些时间会运行
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="CronExpressionString">Cron表达式</param>
            /// <param name="numTimes">运行次数</param>
            /// <returns>运行时间段</returns>
            public static List<DateTime> GetNextFireTime(string CronExpressionString, int numTimes)
            {
                if (numTimes < 0)
                {
                    throw new Exception("参数numTimes值大于等于0");
                }
                //时间表达式
                ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create().WithCronSchedule(CronExpressionString).Build();
                IList<DateTimeOffset> dates = TriggerUtils.ComputeFireTimes(trigger as IOperableTrigger, null, numTimes);
                List<DateTime> list = new List<DateTime>();
                foreach (DateTimeOffset dtf in dates)
                {
                    list.Add(TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTimeFromUtc(dtf.DateTime, TimeZoneInfo.Local));
                }
                return list;
            }
    
    
            public static object CurrentTaskList()
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取当前执行的Task 对象
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="context"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public static TaskModel GetTaskDetail(IJobExecutionContext context)
            {
                TaskModel task = new TaskModel();
    
                if (context != null)
                {
    
                    task.TaskID = Guid.Parse(context.Trigger.Key.Name);
                    task.TaskName = context.Trigger.Description;
                    task.RecentRunTime = DateTime.Now;
                    task.TaskParam = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam") != null ? context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam").ToString() : "";
                }
                return task;
            }
        }

        2.设置执行中的任务:

    public class TaskBll
        {
            private readonly TaskDAL _dal = new TaskDAL();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取任务列表
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
            /// <param name="pageSize"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public PageOf<TaskModel> GetTaskList(int pageIndex, int pageSize)
            {
                return _dal.GetTaskList(pageIndex, pageSize);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 读取数据库中全部的任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public List<TaskModel> GetAllTaskList()
            {
                return _dal.GetAllTaskList();
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public TaskModel GetById(string taskId)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 删除任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool DeleteById(string taskId)
            {
                return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, -1);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 修改任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <param name="status"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool UpdateTaskStatus(string taskId, int status)
            {
                return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, status);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 修改任务的下次启动时间
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <param name="nextFireTime"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool UpdateNextFireTime(string taskId, DateTime nextFireTime)
            {
                return _dal.UpdateNextFireTime(taskId, nextFireTime);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 根据任务Id 修改 上次运行时间
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <param name="recentRunTime"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool UpdateRecentRunTime(string taskId, DateTime recentRunTime)
            {
                return _dal.UpdateRecentRunTime(taskId, recentRunTime);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 根据任务Id 获取任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="taskId"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public TaskModel GetTaskById(string taskId)
            {
                return _dal.GetTaskById(taskId);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 添加任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="task"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool Add(TaskModel task)
            {
                return _dal.Add(task);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 修改任务
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="task"></param>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool Edit(TaskModel task)
            {
                return _dal.Edit(task);
            }
        }

       3.任务实体:

        /// <summary>
        /// 任务实体
        /// </summary>
        public class TaskModel
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务ID
            /// </summary>
            public Guid TaskID { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务名称
            /// </summary>
            public string TaskName { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务执行参数
            /// </summary>
            public string TaskParam { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 运行频率设置
            /// </summary>
            public string CronExpressionString { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务运频率中文说明
            /// </summary>
            public string CronRemark { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务所在DLL对应的程序集名称
            /// </summary>
            public string AssemblyName { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务所在类
            /// </summary>
            public string ClassName { get; set; }
    
            public TaskStatus Status { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务创建时间
            /// </summary>
            public DateTime? CreatedTime { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务修改时间
            /// </summary>
            public DateTime? ModifyTime { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务最近运行时间
            /// </summary>
            public DateTime? RecentRunTime { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务下次运行时间
            /// </summary>
            public DateTime? NextFireTime { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 任务备注
            /// </summary>
            public string Remark { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 是否删除
            /// </summary>
            public int IsDelete { get; set; }
        } 

      4.配置文件:

    # You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section
    # or in quartz properties file
    # Configuration section has precedence
    
    quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ExampleQuartzScheduler
    
    # configure thread pool info
    quartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz
    quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10
    quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal
    
    # job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are used
    # quartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz
    # quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml
    
    # export this server to remoting context
    quartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz
    quartz.scheduler.exporter.port = 555
    quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzScheduler
    quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcp
    quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz

    四.总结:

         在项目中比较多的使用到定时任务的功能,今天的介绍的组件可以很好的完成一些定时任务的要求。这篇文章主要是作为引子,简单的介绍了组件的背景和组件的使用方式,如果项目中需要使用,可以进行更加深入的了解。

    .NET组件介绍系列:

        一款开源免费的.NET文档操作组件DocX(.NET组件介绍之一)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6122311.html

        高效而稳定的企业级.NET Office 组件Spire(.NET组件介绍之二)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6125570.html

        最好的.NET开源免费ZIP库DotNetZip(.NET组件介绍之三)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6124659.html

        免费开源的DotNet二维码操作组件ThoughtWorks.QRCode(.NET组件介绍之四)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6134506.html

        免费开源的DotNet任务调度组件Quartz.NET(.NET组件介绍之五)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6128558.html

        免费高效实用的Excel操作组件NPOI(.NET组件介绍之六)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6150070.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6128558.html
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