JS获取按键的代码，Js如何屏蔽用户的按键

[From] http://www.zgguan.com/zsfx/jsjc/1181.html

在使用JavaScript做WEB键盘事件侦听捕获时，主要采用onkeypress，onkeydown，onkeyup三个事件，这三个事件执行的顺序为：onkeydown，onkeypress，onkeyup，在一般情况下，采用三种键盘事件均可对键盘输入进行有效的响应，但实际应用的时候会有些许差异，onkeypress事件不能对系统功能键（例如：删除，后退等，其中对中文输入法不能有效的响应）进行正常的响应，onkeydown和onkeyup均可以对系统功能键进行有效的拦截，但事件捕获的位置不同，可以根据具体的情况选择不同的键盘事件。

由于onkeypress不能对系统功能键进行捕获，导致window.event对象的keyCode属性和onkeydown，onkeyup键盘事件中获取的keyCode属性不同，主要表现在onkeypress事件的keyCode对字母的大小写敏感，而onkeydown、onkeyup事件不敏感；onkeypress事件的keyCode无法区分主键盘上的数字键和付键盘数字键的，而onkeydown、onkeyup的keyCode对主付键盘的数字键敏感。

js判断用户按下的按键，根据按下的按键然后执行不同的操作：

document.body.onkeydown=window.onkeydown=function(e){
	var keyCode;
	if(!e) e=window.event;
	if(document.all){
		keyCode=e.keyCode;
	}else{
		keyCode=e.which;
	}
	if(keyCode==37){
		window.location.href="http://www.zgguan.com";
	}
	if(keyCode==39||keyCode==13){
		window.location.href="http://www.zgguan.com";
	}
}

js如何屏蔽用户输入的各种按键呢？请看下面的例子：

function KeyDown(){
	if((window.event.altKey)&&((window.event.keyCode==37)||(window.event.keyCode==39))){
		//屏蔽 Alt+ 方向键 → alert("不准你使用ALT+方向键前进或后退网页！");
		event.returnValue=false;
	}
	if((event.keyCode==8)||(event.keyCode==116)){
		//屏蔽 F5 刷新键
		event.keyCode=0;
		event.returnValue=false;
	}
	if((event.ctrlKey)&&(event.keyCode==78)){
		//屏蔽 Ctrl+n
		event.returnValue=false;
	}
	if((event.shiftKey)&&(event.keyCode==121)){
		//屏蔽 shift+F10
		event.returnValue=false;
	}if(event.keyCode==122){
		//屏蔽 F11
		event.returnValue=false;
	}
}

键盘各种按键对应的ASII码如下：

keycode 8 = BackSpace BackSpace
keycode 9 = Tab Tab
keycode 12 = Clear
keycode 13 = Enter
keycode 16 = Shift_L
keycode 17 = Control_L
keycode 18 = Alt_L
keycode 19 = Pause
keycode 20 = Caps_Lock
keycode 27 = Escape Escape
keycode 32 = space space
keycode 33 = Prior
keycode 34 = Next
keycode 35 = End
keycode 36 = Home
keycode 37 = Left
keycode 38 = Up
keycode 39 = Right
keycode 40 = Down
keycode 41 = Select
keycode 42 = Print
keycode 43 = Execute
keycode 45 = Insert
keycode 46 = Delete
keycode 47 = Help
keycode 48 = 0 equal braceright
keycode 49 = 1 exclam onesuperior
keycode 50 = 2 quotedbl twosuperior
keycode 51 = 3 section threesuperior
keycode 52 = 4 dollar
keycode 53 = 5 percent
keycode 54 = 6 ampersand
keycode 55 = 7 slash braceleft
keycode 56 = 8 parenleft bracketleft
keycode 57 = 9 parenright bracketright
keycode 65 = a A
keycode 66 = b B
keycode 67 = c C
keycode 68 = d D
keycode 69 = e E EuroSign
keycode 70 = f F

keycode 71 = g G
keycode 72 = h H
keycode 73 = i I
keycode 74 = j J
keycode 75 = k K
keycode 76 = l L
keycode 77 = m M mu
keycode 78 = n N
keycode 79 = o O
keycode 80 = p P
keycode 81 = q Q at
keycode 82 = r R
keycode 83 = s S
keycode 84 = t T
keycode 85 = u U
keycode 86 = v V
keycode 87 = w W
keycode 88 = x X
keycode 89 = y Y
keycode 90 = z Z
keycode 96 = KP_0 KP_0
keycode 97 = KP_1 KP_1
keycode 98 = KP_2 KP_2
keycode 99 = KP_3 KP_3
keycode 100 = KP_4 KP_4
keycode 101 = KP_5 KP_5
keycode 102 = KP_6 KP_6
keycode 103 = KP_7 KP_7
keycode 104 = KP_8 KP_8
keycode 105 = KP_9 KP_9
keycode 106 = KP_Multiply KP_Multiply
keycode 107 = KP_Add KP_Add

keycode 108 = KP_Separator KP_Separator
keycode 109 = KP_Subtract KP_Subtract
keycode 110 = KP_Decimal KP_Decimal
keycode 111 = KP_Divide KP_Divide
keycode 112 = F1
keycode 113 = F2
keycode 114 = F3
keycode 115 = F4
keycode 116 = F5
keycode 117 = F6
keycode 118 = F7
keycode 119 = F8
keycode 120 = F9
keycode 121 = F10
keycode 122 = F11
keycode 123 = F12
keycode 124 = F13
keycode 125 = F14
keycode 126 = F15
keycode 127 = F16
keycode 128 = F17
keycode 129 = F18
keycode 130 = F19
keycode 131 = F20
keycode 132 = F21
keycode 133 = F22
keycode 134 = F23
keycode 135 = F24
keycode 136 = Num_Lock
keycode 137 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 187 = acute grave
keycode 188 = comma semicolon
keycode 189 = minus underscore
keycode 190 = period colon
keycode 192 = numbersign apostrophe
keycode 210 = plusminus hyphen macron
keycode 211 =
keycode 212 = copyright registered
keycode 213 = guillemotleft guillemotright
keycode 214 = masculine ordfeminine
keycode 215 = ae AE
keycode 216 = cent yen
keycode 217 = questiondown exclamdown
keycode 218 = onequarter onehalf threequarters
keycode 220 = less greater bar
keycode 221 = plus asterisk asciitilde
keycode 227 = multiply division

keycode 228 = acircumflex Acircumflex
keycode 229 = ecircumflex Ecircumflex
keycode 230 = icircumflex Icircumflex
keycode 231 = ocircumflex Ocircumflex
keycode 232 = ucircumflex Ucircumflex
keycode 233 = ntilde Ntilde
keycode 234 = yacute Yacute
keycode 235 = oslash Ooblique
keycode 236 = aring Aring
keycode 237 = ccedilla Ccedilla
keycode 238 = thorn THORN
keycode 239 = eth ETH
keycode 240 = diaeresis cedilla currency
keycode 241 = agrave Agrave atilde Atilde
keycode 242 = egrave Egrave
keycode 243 = igrave Igrave
keycode 244 = ograve Ograve otilde Otilde
keycode 245 = ugrave Ugrave
keycode 246 = adiaeresis Adiaeresis
keycode 247 = ediaeresis Ediaeresis
keycode 248 = idiaeresis Idiaeresis
keycode 249 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis
keycode 250 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis
keycode 251 = ssharp question backslash
keycode 252 = asciicircum degree
keycode 253 = 3 sterling
keycode 254 = Mode_switch

使用event对象的keyCode属性判断输入的键值
eg：if(event.keyCode==13)alert(“enter!”);
键值对应表
A　　0X65 　U 　　0X85
B　　0X66　 V　　 0X86
C　　0X67　 W　　 0X87
D　　0X68　 X 　　0X88
E　　0X69　 Y　　 0X89
F　　0X70　 Z　　 0X90
G　　0X71　 0　　 0X48
H　　0X72　 1　　 0X49
I　　0X73　 2　　 0X50
J　　0X74　 3 　　0X51
K　　0X75　 4 　　0X52
L　　0X76　 5 　　0X53
M　　0X77　 6　　 0X54
N　　0X78 　7 　　0X55
O　　0X79 　8 　　0X56
P　　0X80 　9 　　0X57
Q　　0X81　ESC　　0X1B
R　　0X82　CTRL 　0X11
S　　0X83　SHIFT　0X10
T　　0X84　ENTER　0XD

如果要使用组合键，则可以利用event.ctrlKey，event.shiftKey，event .altKey判断是否按下了ctrl键、shift键以及alt键