参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40236865 ,但最后观点不同
faiss是Facebook开源的用于快速计算海量向量距离的库,但是没有提供余弦距离,而余弦距离的使用率还是很高的,那怎么解决呢
import faiss
from faiss import normalize_L2
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
def faiss_cos_similar_search(x, k=None):
# 这个不是真的用faiss计算cos,而是找邻居的结果跟用cos得到的邻居结果是很接近,但是距离还是不同的哦
assert len(x.shape) == 2, "仅支持2维向量的距离计算"
nb, d = x.shape
x = x.astype('float32')
k_search = k if k else nb
normalize_L2(x)
index=faiss.IndexFlatIP(d)
index.train(x)
# index=faiss.IndexFlatL2(d)
index.add(x)
D, I =index.search(x, k=k_search)
return I
def sklearn_cos_search(x, k=None):
assert len(x.shape) == 2, "仅支持2维向量的距离计算"
nb, d = x.shape
ag=cosine_similarity(x)
np.argsort(-ag, axis=1)
k_search = k if k else nb
return np.argsort(-ag, axis=1)[:, :k_search]
def test_IndexFlatIP_only(nb = 1000, d = 100, kr = 0.005, n_times=10):
k = int(nb * kr)
print("recall count is %d" % (k))
for i in range(n_times):
x = np.random.random((nb, d)).astype('float32')
# x = np.random.randint(0,2, (nb,d))
# faiss_I = faiss_cos_similar_search(x, k)
index=faiss.IndexFlatIP(d)
index.train(x)
index.add(x)
D, faiss_I =index.search(x, k=k)
sklearn_I = sklearn_cos_search(x, k)
cmp_result = faiss_I == sklearn_I
print("is all correct: %s, correct batch rate: %d/%d, correct sample rate: %d/%d" %
(np.all(cmp_result),
np.all(cmp_result, axis=1).sum(),cmp_result.shape[0],
cmp_result.sum(),cmp_result.shape[0]*cmp_result.shape[1] ) )
def test_embedding(nb = 1000, d = 100, kr = 0.005, n_times=10):
k = int(nb * kr)
print("recall count is %d" % (k))
for i in range(n_times):
x = np.random.random((nb, d)).astype('float32')
# x = np.random.randint(0,2, (nb,d))
faiss_I = faiss_cos_similar_search(x, k)
sklearn_I = sklearn_cos_search(x, k)
cmp_result = faiss_I == sklearn_I
print("is all correct: %s, correct batch rate: %d/%d, correct sample rate: %d/%d" %
(np.all(cmp_result),
np.all(cmp_result, axis=1).sum(),cmp_result.shape[0],
cmp_result.sum(),cmp_result.shape[0]*cmp_result.shape[1] ) )
def test_one_hot(nb = 1000, d = 100, kr = 0.005, n_times=10):
k = int(nb * kr)
print("recall count is %d" % (k))
for i in range(n_times):
# x = np.random.random((nb, d)).astype('float32')
x = np.random.randint(0,2, (nb,d))
faiss_I = faiss_cos_similar_search(x, k)
sklearn_I = sklearn_cos_search(x, k)
cmp_result = faiss_I == sklearn_I
print("is all correct: %s, correct batch rate: %d/%d, correct sample rate: %d/%d" %
(np.all(cmp_result),
np.all(cmp_result, axis=1).sum(),cmp_result.shape[0],
cmp_result.sum(),cmp_result.shape[0]*cmp_result.shape[1] ) )
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("test use IndexFlatIP only")
test_IndexFlatIP_only()
print("-"*100 + "
")
print("test when one hot")
test_one_hot()
print("-"*100 + "
")
print("test use normalize_L2 + IndexFlatIP")
test_embedding()
print("-"*100 + "
")
下面是实验结果
分析:第一份结果(横线隔开),是仅用IndexFlatIP的时候,跟余弦距离的结果相差非常大
第二份结果,是当数据是 one hot 的时候,用 normalize_L2 + IndexFlatIP,结果跟余弦距离结果基本上对的上了,但是也错了不少
第二份结果,是当数据是 embedding 的向量的时候,用 normalize_L2 + IndexFlatIP,结果跟余弦距离结果基本上对的上了,错的也非常少
需要注意,这里改方法对数据进行预处理,然后用欧氏距离去模拟余弦距离,并不是等价的,因为从结果来看,尽管差不多,但还是有不一样的地方,特别是召回调大的时候,更是相差变大