Codeforces 96D Volleyball（最短路径）

Petya loves volleyball very much. One day he was running late for a volleyball match. Petya hasn't bought his own car yet, that's why he had to take a taxi. The city has n junctions, some of which are connected by two-way roads. The length of each road is defined by some positive integer number of meters; the roads can have different lengths.

Initially each junction has exactly one taxi standing there. The taxi driver from the i-th junction agrees to drive Petya (perhaps through several intermediate junctions) to some other junction if the travel distance is not more than ti meters. Also, the cost of the ride doesn't depend on the distance and is equal to ci bourles. Taxis can't stop in the middle of a road. Each taxi can be used no more than once. Petya can catch taxi only in the junction, where it stands initially.

At the moment Petya is located on the junction x and the volleyball stadium is on the junction y. Determine the minimum amount of money Petya will need to drive to the stadium.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000, 0 ≤ m ≤ 1000). They are the number of junctions and roads in the city correspondingly. The junctions are numbered from 1 to n, inclusive. The next line contains two integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n). They are the numbers of the initial and final junctions correspondingly. Next m lines contain the roads' description. Each road is described by a group of three integers ui, vi, wi (1 ≤ ui, vi ≤ n, 1 ≤ wi ≤ 109) — they are the numbers of the junctions connected by the road and the length of the road, correspondingly. The next n lines contain n pairs of integers ti and ci (1 ≤ ti, ci ≤ 109), which describe the taxi driver that waits at the i-th junction — the maximum distance he can drive and the drive's cost. The road can't connect the junction with itself, but between a pair of junctions there can be more than one road. All consecutive numbers in each line are separated by exactly one space character.

Output

If taxis can't drive Petya to the destination point, print "-1" (without the quotes). Otherwise, print the drive's minimum cost.

Please do not use the %lld specificator to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use cin, cout streams or the %I64d specificator.

题目大意：给n个点，m条双向边，每条路均有一个距离，从一个点x出发，最多能花费c[x]走距离t[x]的路，求从起点到终点的最小花费。

官方题解1：

Some of the things which I did not take note of during the competition which prevented my solution from passing. Use adjacency list instead of matrix as the number of roads are only 1000. The question says that there can be multiple roads between junctions so updation needs to be done to adj[s][e] when a lower distance comes up.

Approach

A combination of djikstra and DFS allows us to find the minimum cost incurred in traversing the points. Update your djikstra cost array at all nodes which can be visited from the taxi you are in. This can be done using DFS. Again find the minimum cost junction and continue. If at the end you are not able to reach the destination output should be -1.

官方题解2：

At first in this simple problem you need to find shortest path between all pair of junctions. That can’t be done using O(N^3) algorithms, so you must use Dijkstra algorithm to find this in O(N*N*logN) time. Next part of this problem is to create new matrix, G[i][j] = C[i], if D[i][j] <= R[i], else G[i][j] = INF. Here D[i][j] – length of shortest path between I and j. So, result is shortest path between X and Y using matrix G. That can be done using simple Dijkstra algorithm.

思路：

这题看完题目就会做了，得益于之前做过某题：http://www.cnblogs.com/oyking/archive/2013/06/04/3116617.html，大题思路为，暴搜每个点走距离t[x]能到达的点，为每对这样的点之间连一条边，权值为c[x]，然后在后来得到的图上直接求最短路径（最普通的SPFA算法）即可。

另，一开始若暴搜没有剪枝，我曾试过把最短路径图上的边都输出来，发现一个小图却会有很多边，果断优化。之后想挫了以为搜索的时候每个点经过一次就可以了，后来发现这样不对，因为有可能第一次经过点y的时候，还可以走距离A，第二次经过点y的时候，还可以做距离B，完全有可能是A＜B。基于这个想法，类似可以把A记录下来，若A＜B才继续搜索，否则剪枝。

不剪枝的话生成的边太多了，会爆（AC之后手贱交了一次，因为眼挫以为自己WA了）

PS：这代码AC过一次之后就没AC过了，这是什么现象我至今没搞懂……

  1 #include <cstdio>
  2 #include <cstring>
  3 #include <queue>
  4 using namespace std;
  5 
  6 typedef long long LL;
  7 
  8 const int MAXN = 1010;
  9 const int MAXM = 5000010;
 10 int n, m, x, y;
 11 
 12 void tle() {
 13     while(1) ;
 14 }
 15 
 16 struct Shortest_path {
 17     int head[MAXN], inque[MAXN];
 18     int next[MAXM], to[MAXM], cost[MAXM];
 19     int ecnt, st, ed;
 20     LL dis[MAXN];
 21 
 22     void SPFA() {
 23         queue<int> Q;
 24         Q.push(st);
 25         memset(inque, 0, sizeof(inque));
 26         memset(dis, 255, sizeof(dis));
 27         dis[st] = 0;
 28         while(!Q.empty()) {
 29             int u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
 30             inque[u] = false;
 31             for(int p = head[u]; p; p = next[p]) {
 32                 int v = to[p];
 33                 if(dis[v] < 0 || dis[v] > dis[u] + cost[p]) {
 34                     dis[v] = dis[u] + cost[p];
 35                     //printf("%d %I64d
",v,dis[v]);
 36                     if(!inque[v]) {
 37                         inque[v] = true;
 38                         Q.push(v);
 39                     }
 40                 }
 41             }
 42         }
 43     }
 44 
 45     void addEdge(int u, int v, int c) {
 46         to[ecnt] = v; cost[ecnt] = c;
 47         next[ecnt] = head[u]; head[u] = ecnt++;
 48         //printf("%d->%d %d
",u,v,c);
 49         //if(ecnt == MAXM) tle();
 50     }
 51 
 52     void init(int ss, int tt) {
 53         st = ss; ed = tt;
 54         ecnt = 2;
 55         memset(head, 0, sizeof(head));
 56     }
 57 
 58     LL solve() {
 59         SPFA();
 60         return dis[ed];
 61     }
 62 } G;
 63 
 64 const int M = MAXN * 2;
 65 
 66 struct Tree {
 67     int head[MAXN], c[MAXN], t[MAXN];
 68     int small[MAXN];
 69     int next[M], to[M], cost[M];
 70     int ecnt;
 71 
 72     void dfs(int root, int u, int rest) {
 73         for(int p = head[u]; p; p = next[p]) {
 74             int v = to[p];
 75             if(rest - cost[p] < small[v]) continue;
 76             if(rest - cost[p] >= 0) {
 77                 G.addEdge(root, v, c[root]);
 78                 small[v] = rest - cost[p];
 79                 if(rest) dfs(root, v, rest - cost[p]);
 80             }
 81         }
 82     }
 83 
 84     void addEdge(int u, int v, int cc) {
 85         to[ecnt] = v; cost[ecnt] = cc;
 86         next[ecnt] = head[u]; head[u] = ecnt++;
 87         //printf("%d->%d %d
",u,v,cc);
 88     }
 89 
 90     void init() {
 91         ecnt = 2;
 92         memset(head, 0, sizeof(head));
 93     }
 94 
 95     void make_G() {
 96         for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
 97             memset(small, 0, sizeof(small));
 98             small[i] = 0x7fffffff;
 99             dfs(i, i, t[i]);
100         }
101     }
102 } T;
103 
104 int main() {
105     while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF) {
106         scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
107         G.init(x, y);
108         T.init();
109         int u, v, c;
110         for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
111             scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
112             scanf("%d", &c);
113             T.addEdge(u, v, c);
114             T.addEdge(v, u, c);
115         }
116         for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
117             scanf("%d", &T.t[i]);
118             scanf("%d", &T.c[i]);
119         }
120         T.make_G();
121         printf("%I64d
", G.solve());
122     }
123 }

View Code

献上真·AC代码，这个应该没问题了，理论上来说上面的那个代码可以卡（可以卡边数卡爆），实际上可以直接用SPFA求第一张图的最短路然后再判断某点x是否能到底某点y，SPFA在稀疏图上常数灰常小，在这提上是灰常适用的。

PS：下面的两个类实际上可以合在一起，但是我懒得搞了就这样吧……

  1 #include <cstdio>
  2 #include <cstring>
  3 #include <queue>
  4 using namespace std;
  5 
  6 typedef long long LL;
  7 
  8 const int MAXN = 1010;
  9 const int MAXM = 1000010;
 10 int n, m, x, y;
 11 
 12 void tle() {
 13     while(1) ;
 14 }
 15 
 16 struct Shortest_path {
 17     int head[MAXN], inque[MAXN];
 18     int next[MAXM], to[MAXM], cost[MAXM];
 19     int ecnt, st, ed;
 20     LL dis[MAXN];
 21 
 22     void SPFA() {
 23         queue<int> Q;
 24         Q.push(st);
 25         memset(inque, 0, sizeof(inque));
 26         memset(dis, 255, sizeof(dis));
 27         dis[st] = 0;
 28         while(!Q.empty()) {
 29             int u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
 30             inque[u] = false;
 31             for(int p = head[u]; p; p = next[p]) {
 32                 int v = to[p];
 33                 if(dis[v] < 0 || dis[v] > dis[u] + cost[p]) {
 34                     dis[v] = dis[u] + cost[p];
 35                     //printf("%d %I64d
",v,dis[v]);
 36                     if(!inque[v]) {
 37                         inque[v] = true;
 38                         Q.push(v);
 39                     }
 40                 }
 41             }
 42         }
 43     }
 44 
 45     void addEdge(int u, int v, int c) {
 46         to[ecnt] = v; cost[ecnt] = c;
 47         next[ecnt] = head[u]; head[u] = ecnt++;
 48         //printf("%d->%d %d
",u,v,c);
 49         //if(ecnt == MAXM) tle();
 50     }
 51 
 52     void init(int ss, int tt) {
 53         st = ss; ed = tt;
 54         ecnt = 2;
 55         memset(head, 0, sizeof(head));
 56     }
 57 
 58     LL solve() {
 59         SPFA();
 60         return dis[ed];
 61     }
 62 } G;
 63 
 64 const int M = MAXN * 2;
 65 
 66 struct Tree {
 67     int head[MAXN], inque[MAXN], c[MAXN], t[MAXN];
 68     int next[M], to[M], cost[M];
 69     int ecnt;
 70     LL dis[MAXN];
 71 
 72     void SPFA(int st) {
 73         queue<int> Q;
 74         Q.push(st);
 75         memset(inque, 0, sizeof(inque));
 76         memset(dis, 255, sizeof(dis));
 77         dis[st] = 0;
 78         while(!Q.empty()) {
 79             int u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
 80             inque[u] = false;
 81             for(int p = head[u]; p; p = next[p]) {
 82                 int v = to[p];
 83                 if(dis[v] < 0 || dis[v] > dis[u] + cost[p]) {
 84                     dis[v] = dis[u] + cost[p];
 85                     //printf("%d %I64d
",v,dis[v]);
 86                     if(!inque[v]) {
 87                         inque[v] = true;
 88                         Q.push(v);
 89                     }
 90                 }
 91             }
 92         }
 93     }
 94 
 95     void addEdge(int u, int v, int cc) {
 96         to[ecnt] = v; cost[ecnt] = cc;
 97         next[ecnt] = head[u]; head[u] = ecnt++;
 98         //printf("%d->%d %d
",u,v,cc);
 99     }
100 
101     void init() {
102         ecnt = 2;
103         memset(head, 0, sizeof(head));
104     }
105 
106     void make_G() {
107         for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
108             SPFA(i);
109             for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
110                 if(i == j) continue;
111                 if(dis[j] >= 0 && dis[j] <= t[i]) {
112                     G.addEdge(i, j, c[i]);
113                 }
114             }
115         }
116     }
117 } T;
118 
119 int main() {
120     int i;
121     while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF) {
122         scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
123         G.init(x, y);
124         T.init();
125         int u, v, c;
126         for(i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
127             scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
128             scanf("%d", &c);
129             T.addEdge(u, v, c);
130             T.addEdge(v, u, c);
131         }
132         for(i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
133             scanf("%d", &T.t[i]);
134             scanf("%d", &T.c[i]);
135         }
136         T.make_G();
137         printf("%I64d
", G.solve());
138     }
139 }

View Code

相关阅读:
【算法学习笔记】树状数组
 【算法学习笔记】前缀和与差分
 【算法学习笔记】RMQ问题与ST表
 【算法学习笔记】倍增求最近公共祖先（LCA，非战斗机）
使用Ajax Web.config配置
 GridView导出Excel
[OFBiz]简介二
 [OFBiz]开发一
 JAVACC详解
 Ofbiz 10.04 + eclipse 安装与配置
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/oyking/p/3199636.html