一、准备工作
承接着之前的SpringMVC+Mybatis+MySQL初级高级课程,以Dept部门模块做一个微服务通用案例Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务
需要掌握的知识:
- Spring
- SpringMVC
- MyBatis
- MySQL
项目构建:Maven
Maven的分包分模块架构复习
一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的:
---- app-parent 一个父项目(app-parent)聚合很多子项目(app-util,app-dao,app-service,app-web)
|---- pom.xml (pom)
|
|-------- app-util
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-dao
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-service
| |-------- pom.xml (jar)
|
|-------- app-web
|-------- pom.xml (war)
一个Project带着多个Module子模块
MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)
- microservicecloud-api:封装的整体entity/接口/公共配置等
- microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001:微服务落地的服务提供者
- microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80:微服务调用的客户端使用
Tips: 80端口是为HTTP(HyperText Transport Protocol)即超文本传输协议开放的 此为上网冲浪使用次数最多的协议,主要用于WWW(World Wide Web)即万维网传输信息的协议。
可以通过HTTP地址(即常说的"网址")加":80"来访问网站,
因为浏览网页服务默认的端口号都是80,因此只需输入网址即可,不用输入":80"了。
SpringCloud版本:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
二、父工程构建
1、创建Maven Project父工程
(1)新建父工程microservicecloud,切记是Packageing是pom模式
(2)主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提出来,类似一个抽象父类
(3)pom 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.44</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
三、API 公共模块
1、新建microservicecloud-api
eclipse:
IDEA:
2、修改 pom 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<!-- 子类里面显示声明才能有明确的继承表现,无意外就是父类的默认版本否则自己定义 -->
<parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!-- 当前Module我自己叫什么名字 -->
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需求添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不用写版本号 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3、新建部门Entity且配合lombok使用
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {
//主键
private Long deptno;
//部门名称
private String dname;
//来自那个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
private String db_source;
public Dept(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
TIp:IDEA中需要安装 Lombok 插件。
mvn clean install
后给其它模块引用,达到通用目的。 也即需要用到部门实体的话,不用每个工程都定义一份,直接引用本模块即可。
四、服务提供者
1、新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 的Maven 模块
2、POM 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3、Yml 配置文件
server:
port: 8001
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis配置文件所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.njf.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity别名类所在包
mapper-locations:
- classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml # mapper映射文件
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-dept #服务名(重要!!!)
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01?useSSL=false # 数据库名称
username: root
password: root
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5 # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
initial-size: 5 # 初始化连接数
max-total: 5 # 最大连接数
max-wait-millis: 200 # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间
4、MyBatis配置文件
工程src/main/resources目录下新建mybatis文件夹后新建mybatis.cfg.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
</settings>
</configuration>
5、MySQL创建部门数据库脚本
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB01;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept;
6、DeptDao部门接口
@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
public Dept findById(Long id);
public List<Dept> findAll();
}
7、创建Mapper文件
工程src/main/resources/mybatis目录下新建mapper文件夹后再建DeptMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.njf.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
<select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
</select>
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
</mapper>
8、DeptService部门服务接口
public interface DeptService {
public boolean add(Dept dept);
public Dept get(Long id);
public List<Dept> list();
}
9、DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
@Autowired
private DeptDao dao ;
@Override
public boolean add(Dept dept)
{
return dao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept get(Long id)
{
return dao.findById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> list()
{
return dao.findAll();
}
}
10、DeptController部门微服务提供者REST
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService service;
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/add", method= RequestMethod.POST)
public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept)
{
return service.add(dept);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return service.get(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/list", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public List<Dept> list()
{
return service.list();
}
}
11、DeptProvider8001_App主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);
}
}
12、通过浏览器测试
13、工程目录
五、服务消费者
1、新建microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 Maven Model
2、POM 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
<description>部门微服务消费者</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
<groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3、YML 配置文件
server:
port: 80
4、编写配置类
com.njf.springcloud.cfgbeans包下ConfigBean的编写(类似spring里面的applicationContext.xml写入的注入Bean)
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
5、创建消费者
com.njf.springcloud.controller包下新建DeptController_Consumer部门微服务消费者REST
6、RestTemplate
(1)RestTemplate 是什么
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法, 是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集
(2)官网及使用
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。 (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
7、使用 RESTTemplate 进行服务调用
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
/**
* 这三个参数分别代表
* REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型
* @param dept
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept) {
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> getDept() {
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/list", List.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept getDeptById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/get/" + id, Dept.class);
}
}
8、DeptConsumer80_App主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
}
}
9、测试:
通过消费端进行测试:
http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/2
http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
http://localhost/consumer/dept/add?dname=AI
10、目录结构