• I第一章:(3)REST 微服务案例


    一、准备工作

    承接着之前的SpringMVC+Mybatis+MySQL初级高级课程,以Dept部门模块做一个微服务通用案例Consumer消费者(Client)通过REST调用Provider提供者(Server)提供的服务

    需要掌握的知识:

    • Spring
    • SpringMVC
    • MyBatis
    • MySQL

    项目构建:Maven

    Maven的分包分模块架构复习

    一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的:
    ---- app-parent  一个父项目(app-parent)聚合很多子项目(app-util,app-dao,app-service,app-web)
          |---- pom.xml (pom)
          |
          |-------- app-util
          | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
          |
          |-------- app-dao
          | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
          |
          |-------- app-service
          | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
          |
          |-------- app-web
            |-------- pom.xml (war) 

    一个Project带着多个Module子模块

    MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)

    • microservicecloud-api:封装的整体entity/接口/公共配置等
    • microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001:微服务落地的服务提供者
    • microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80:微服务调用的客户端使用

    Tips: 80端口是为HTTP(HyperText Transport Protocol)即超文本传输协议开放的 此为上网冲浪使用次数最多的协议,主要用于WWW(World Wide Web)即万维网传输信息的协议。

    可以通过HTTP地址(即常说的"网址")加":80"来访问网站,

    因为浏览网页服务默认的端口号都是80,因此只需输入网址即可,不用输入":80"了。

    SpringCloud版本:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
          <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
          <type>pom</type>
          <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
          <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
          <type>pom</type>
          <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    <dependencies>

    二、父工程构建

    1、创建Maven Project父工程

    (1)新建父工程microservicecloud,切记是Packageing是pom模式

    (2)主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提出来,类似一个抽象父类

    (3)pom 文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

        <packaging>pom</packaging>

        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
            <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
            <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
            <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        </properties>

        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.44</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                    <version>1.1.12</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                    <version>1.3.2</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                    <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                    <version>1.2.3</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>junit</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    <version>${junit.version}</version>
                    <scope>test</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                    <version>${log4j.version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>

    </project>

    三、API 公共模块

    1、新建microservicecloud-api

    eclipse:

    IDEA:

    2、修改 pom 文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">


        <!-- 子类里面显示声明才能有明确的继承表现,无意外就是父类的默认版本否则自己定义 -->
        <parent>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <!-- 当前Module我自己叫什么名字 -->
        <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>


        <!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需求添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不用写版本号 -->
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

    </project>


    3、新建部门Entity且配合lombok使用

    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

    import java.io.Serializable;


    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @Data
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    public class Dept implements Serializable {
        //主键
        private Long deptno;
        //部门名称
        private String dname;
        //来自那个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
        private String db_source;

        public Dept(String dname) {
            this.dname = dname;
        }
    }

    TIp:IDEA中需要安装 Lombok 插件。

    mvn clean install后给其它模块引用,达到通用目的。 也即需要用到部门实体的话,不用每个工程都定义一份,直接引用本模块即可。

    四、服务提供者

    1、新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 的Maven 模块

    2、POM 文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <parent>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
                <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

    </project>

    3、Yml 配置文件

    server:
      port: 8001

    mybatis:
      config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
      type-aliases-package: com.njf.springcloud.entities        # 所有Entity别名类所在包
      mapper-locations:
        - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                     # mapper映射文件

    spring:
      application:
        name: microservicecloud-dept                            #服务名(重要!!!)
      datasource:
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver                # mysql驱动包
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01?useSSL=false              # 数据库名称
        username: root
        password: root
        dbcp2:
          min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
          initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
          max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
          max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间

    4、MyBatis配置文件

    工程src/main/resources目录下新建mybatis文件夹后新建mybatis.cfg.xml文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">


    <configuration>

        <settings>
            <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
        </settings>

    </configuration>

    5、MySQL创建部门数据库脚本

    DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
    CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
    USE cloudDB01;
    CREATE TABLE dept
    (
      deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
      dname VARCHAR(60),
      db_source   VARCHAR(60)
    );

    INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
    INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
    INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
    INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
    INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());

    SELECT * FROM dept;

    6、DeptDao部门接口

    @Mapper
    public interface DeptDao {
        public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

        public Dept findById(Long id);

        public List<Dept> findAll();
    }

    7、创建Mapper文件

    工程src/main/resources/mybatis目录下新建mapper文件夹后再建DeptMapper.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">


    <mapper namespace="com.njf.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">

        <select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
            select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
        </select>

        <select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">
            select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
        </select>

        <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
            INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
        </insert>

    </mapper>

    8、DeptService部门服务接口

    public interface DeptService {
        public boolean add(Dept dept);
        public Dept get(Long id);
        public List<Dept> list();
    }

    9、DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类

    @Service
    public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
        @Autowired
        private DeptDao dao ;

        @Override
        public boolean add(Dept dept)
        
    {
            return dao.addDept(dept);
        }

        @Override
        public Dept get(Long id)
        
    {
            return dao.findById(id);
        }

        @Override
        public List<Dept> list()
        
    {
            return dao.findAll();
        }

    }

    10、DeptController部门微服务提供者REST

    @RestController
    public class DeptController {
        @Autowired
        private DeptService service;

        @RequestMapping(value="/dept/add", method= RequestMethod.POST)
        public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept)
        
    {
            return service.add(dept);
        }

        @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
        
    {
            return service.get(id);
        }

        @RequestMapping(value="/dept/list", method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public List<Dept> list()
        
    {
            return service.list();
        }

    }

    11、DeptProvider8001_App主启动类

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class DeptProvider8001_App {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.classargs);
        }
    }

    12、通过浏览器测试

    13、工程目录

    五、服务消费者

    1、新建microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 Maven Model

    2、POM 文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

        <parent>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

        <artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
        <description>部门微服务消费者</description>

        <dependencies>
            <dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
                <groupId>com.njf.springcloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

    </project>

    3、YML 配置文件

    server:
      port: 80

    4、编写配置类

    com.njf.springcloud.cfgbeans包下ConfigBean的编写(类似spring里面的applicationContext.xml写入的注入Bean)

    @Configuration
    public class ConfigBean {
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }

    }

    5、创建消费者

    com.njf.springcloud.controller包下新建DeptController_Consumer部门微服务消费者REST

    6、RestTemplate

    (1)RestTemplate 是什么

    RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法, 是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

    (2)官网及使用

    https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/4.3.7.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html

    使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。 (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

    7、使用 RESTTemplate 进行服务调用

    @RestController
    public class DeptController_Consumer {

        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;

        private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";

        /**
         * 这三个参数分别代表
         * REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型
         * @param dept
         * @return
         */

        @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
        public boolean add(Dept dept) {
            return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
        }

        @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
        public List<Dept> getDept() {
            return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/list", List.class);
        }

        @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
        public Dept getDeptById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/get/" + id, Dept.class);
        }

    }

    8、DeptConsumer80_App主启动类

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class DeptConsumer80_App {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.classargs);
        }
    }

    9、测试:

    通过消费端进行测试:

    http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/2

    http://localhost/consumer/dept/list

    http://localhost/consumer/dept/add?dname=AI

    10、目录结构

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/niujifei/p/15976693.html
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