• NET 5 Execl导入数据处理(EppLus、NPOI)


    先来简单介绍下市面上最广泛常见的三种操作excel库的优缺点
    1.NPOI

    优点:免费开源,无需装Office即可操作excel, 支持处理的文件格式包括xls, xlsx, docx.格式

    缺点:不支持大数据量以及多sheet的导出

    2.Aspose.Cells

    优点:支持大数据量以及多sheet的导出,提供了应有尽有的文件格式支持,速度快性能佳

    缺点:除了收费几乎没有缺点,试用版 限制打开文件数量100个,限制使用Aspose.Cells.GridWeb功能,生成的Excel会有水印

    3.EPPlus
    优点:开源免费,不需要安装office,支持图表的列印,导入导出速度快,支持高版本Excel格式,可以实现Excel上的各种基本功能

    唯一缺点:仅支持xlsx格式,不支持古老的xlsx


    基于业务需求和各大库优缺点对比,尽量选择合适业务需求的库,个人比较推荐的是EPPlus

    本文使用的是EPPlus包来实现数据的导出,因为5.0以上的版本需要商业授权码,所以使用的是4.5.3.3的的版本

    项目也是基于最新版本的.net core 3.1 web api

    右键管理NuGet包添加EPPlus 选择版本添加项目引用
    然后代码附上

    创建excel导入帮助类Export2Excel.cs,为了使所有的地方通用,通过list泛型参数 传入数据源以及需要导出的字段标题,返回byte[],
    以便直接写入文件流,也提供了基于DataTable 的操作

    1、Excel .xls 和 .xlsx 有什么区别?#

    区别如下:
    1、文件格式不同。.xls 是一个特有的二进制格式,其核心结构是复合文档类型的结构,而.xlsx 的核心结构是 XML 类型的结构,
       采用的是基于 XML 的压缩方式,使其占用的空间更小。.xlsx 中最后一个 x 的意义就在于此。             
    2、版本不同。.xls是excel2003及以前版本生成的文件格式,而.xlsx是excel2007及以后版本生成的文件格式。
    3、兼容性不同。.xlsx格式是向下兼容的,可兼容.xls格式。

    2、一号种子选手(EppLus)#

      EPPlus是一个使用Open Office XML(xlsx)文件格式,能读写Excel 2007/2010 文件的开源组件,
      在导出Excel的时候不需要电脑上安装office,官网为:http://epplus.codeplex.com/。
      基本上Excel上的各种功能(例如图表、VBA、数据透视表、加密、数据验证等)Epplus都能实现,
      它的一个缺点就是不支持导出2003版的Excel,也就是.XLS文件。

    2.1 EppLus实现#

    (1)添加包 EPPlus (注意:EPPlus.Core已弃用)
    (2)Execl导入数据使用EPPlus处理实例:
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取Exel批量用户数据(EppLus)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="context"></param>
        /// <param name="msg"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public List<BatchUsersReq> GetBatchUsersData(HttpContext context,out string msg)
        {
            msg = "数据处理成功";
            // 获取上传文件后缀
            var extension = Path.GetExtension(context.Request.Form.Files[0].FileName).ToUpper();
            if(!extension.Contains("XLSX"))
            {
                msg = "文件格式不正确,只支持XLSX文件";
                return null;
            }
            // 限制单次只能上传5M
            float fileSize = context.Request.Form.Files[0].Length / 1024 / 1024;
            if(fileSize > 5)
            {
                msg = "文件大小超过限制";
                return null;
            }
            try 
            {
                Stream stream = context.Request.Form.Files[0].OpenReadStream();
                using (var package = new ExcelPackage(stream))
                {
                    // 获取Exel指定工作簿,"Sheet1"也可以用索引代替
                    ExcelWorksheet worksheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets["Sheet1"];
                    // 获取数据行数
                    int RowNum = worksheet.Dimension.Rows;
                    // 待处理数据存储列表
                    List<BatchUsersReq> usersData = new List<BatchUsersReq>();
                    // 获取每行数据
                    for (int row = 1; row <= RowNum; row++)
                    {
                        usersData.Add(new BatchUsersReq
                        {
                            // 获取每列数据
                            Account = worksheet.Cells[row, 1].Value.ToString(),
                            Password = worksheet.Cells[row, 2].Value.ToString(),
                            Name = worksheet.Cells[row, 3].Value.ToString(),
                            Sex = worksheet.Cells[row, 4].Value.ToString(),
                            UserRole = worksheet.Cells[row, 5].Value.ToString()
                        });
                    }
                    return usersData;
                }
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                msg = "数据异常";
            }
            return null;
        }

    3、二号种子选手(NPOI)

    NPOI是一个开源项目,可以读/写xls,doc,ppt文件,有着广泛的应用。NPIO官网地址:http://npoi.codeplex.com/
      使用NPOI能够帮助开发者在没有安装微软Office的情况下读写Office 97-2003的文件,支持的文件格式包括xls, doc, ppt等。
      NPOI是构建在POI 3.x版本之上的,它可以在没有安装Office的情况 下对Word/Excel文档进行读写操作。

    3.1 NPOI实现

    1)添加包 DotNetCore.NPOI
      (2)Execl导入数据使用EPPlus处理实例:
            /// <summary>
        /// 获取Execl批量用户数据 NPOI
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="file">execl</param>
        /// <param name="msg"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public List<BatchUsersReq> GetBatchUsersData(IFormFile file,out string msg)
        {
            msg = "数据处理成功";
            // 获取上传文件后缀
            string ext = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName).ToLower();
            if(!ext.Contains("xls") && !ext.Contains("xlsx"))
            {
                msg = "文件有误,只支持上传XLS、XLSX文件";
                return null;
            }
            // 限制单次只能上传5M
            float fileSize = file.Length / 1024 / 1024;
            if (fileSize > 5)
            {
                msg = "文件大小超过限制";
                return null;
            }
            try
            {
                // 文件流处理
                MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
                file.CopyTo(ms);
                ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                // 根据Excel版本进行处理
                IWorkbook workbook = ext == ".xls" ? (IWorkbook)new HSSFWorkbook(ms) : new XSSFWorkbook(ms);
                // 获取Excel第一张工作簿
                ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
                // 获取数据行数
                int num = sheet.LastRowNum;
                // 待处理用户数据
                List<BatchUsersReq> users = new List<BatchUsersReq>();
                for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++)
                {
                    // 获取指定行数据
                    IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
                    BatchUsersReq user = new BatchUsersReq();
                    // 获取指定列数据
                    user.Account = row.GetCell(0).ToString();
                    user.Password = row.GetCell(1).ToString();
                    user.Name = row.GetCell(2).ToString();
                    user.Sex = row.GetCell(3).ToString();
                    user.UserRole = row.GetCell(4).ToString();
                    users.Add(user);
                }
                return users;
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                msg = "数据处理出错";
            }
            return null;
        }

    4、踩坑心得

    在使用一个库之前一定要多了解全面,多几个库对比然后选择符合自己需求的。
       我刚开始参考的EppLus博文里面并没有说Epplus不支持.xls,IF判断逻辑也是两种都支持。
       而我恰巧是上传的.xls格式,导致代码在读取工作簿的时候就报错,我以为是文件流的问题导致读取不到所以折腾了很久。
       后来百度知道了Epplus不支持.xls,于是机智的我的直接手动把.xls改成了.xlsx。(哭唧唧) 
       结果当然还是不行,于是我又几番百度了解到了NPOI……

    EppLus使用

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Data;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Reflection;
    using Newtonsoft.Json;
    using OfficeOpenXml;
    using OfficeOpenXml.Style;
    
    namespace Common.Utils
    {
        public class Export2Excel
        {
              /// <summary>
              /// 生成excel
              /// </summary>
              /// <param name="dtSource">数据源</param>
              /// <param name="title">标题(Sheet名)</param>
              /// <param name="showTitle">是否显示</param>
              /// <returns></returns>
              public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string title, bool showTitle = true)
              {
                  using (ExcelPackage package = new ExcelPackage())
                  {
                      ExcelWorksheet workSheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.Add(title);
        
                      int maxColumnCount = dtSource.Columns.Count;
                      int curRowIndex = 0;
        
                      if (showTitle == true)
                      {
                          curRowIndex++;
                          //主题
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1, 1, maxColumnCount].Merge = true;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Value = title;
                          var headerStyle = workSheet.Workbook.Styles.CreateNamedStyle("headerStyle");
                          headerStyle.Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Center;
                          headerStyle.Style.Font.Bold = true;
                          headerStyle.Style.Font.Size = 20;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].StyleName = "headerStyle";
        
                          curRowIndex++;
                          //导出时间栏
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1, 2, maxColumnCount].Merge = true;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Value = "导出时间:" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Right;
                      }
        
                      curRowIndex++;
                      var titleStyle = workSheet.Workbook.Styles.CreateNamedStyle("titleStyle");
                      titleStyle.Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Center;
                      titleStyle.Style.Font.Bold = true;
                      //标题
                      for (var i = 0; i < maxColumnCount; i++)
                      {
                          DataColumn column = dtSource.Columns[i];
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, i + 1].Value = column.ColumnName;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, i + 1].StyleName = "titleStyle";
                      }
                      workSheet.View.FreezePanes(curRowIndex, 1);//冻结标题行
        
                      //内容
                      for (var i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
                      {
                          curRowIndex++;
                          for (var j = 0; j < maxColumnCount; j++)
                          {
                              DataColumn column = dtSource.Columns[j];
                              var row = dtSource.Rows[i];
                              object value = row[column];
                              var cell = workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, j + 1];
                              var pType = column.DataType;
                              pType = pType.Name == "Nullable`1" ? Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(pType) : pType;
                              if (pType == typeof(DateTime))
                              {
                                  cell.Style.Numberformat.Format = "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm";
                                  cell.Value = Convert.ToDateTime(value);
                              }
                              else if (pType == typeof(int))
                              {
                                  cell.Value = Convert.ToInt32(value);
                              }
                              else if (pType == typeof(double) || pType == typeof(decimal))
                              {
                                  cell.Value = Convert.ToDouble(value);
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                  cell.Value = value == null ? "" : value.ToString();
                              }
                              workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, j + 1].Value = row[column].ToString();
                          }
                      }
                      workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Address].Style.Font.Name = "宋体";
                      workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Address].AutoFitColumns();//自动填充
                      for (var i = 1; i <= workSheet.Dimension.End.Column; i++) { workSheet.Column(i).Width = workSheet.Column(i).Width + 2; }//在填充的基础上再加2
                      MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(package.GetAsByteArray());
                      return ms;
                  }
              }
        
              /// <summary>
              /// 生成excel
              /// </summary>
              /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
              /// <param name="dtSource">数据源</param>
              /// <param name="columns">导出字段表头合集</param>
              /// <param name="title">标题(Sheet名)</param>
              /// <param name="showTitle">是否显示标题</param>
              /// <returns></returns>
              public static byte[] Export<T>(IList<T> dtSource, ExportColumnCollective columns, string title, bool showTitle = true)
              {
                  using (ExcelPackage package = new ExcelPackage())
                  {
                      ExcelWorksheet workSheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.Add(title);
        
                      int maxColumnCount = columns.ExportColumnList.Count;
                      int curRowIndex = 0;
        
                      //Excel标题
                      if (showTitle == true)
                      {
                          curRowIndex++;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1, 1, maxColumnCount].Merge = true;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Value = title;
                          var headerStyle = workSheet.Workbook.Styles.CreateNamedStyle("headerStyle");
                          headerStyle.Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Center;
                          headerStyle.Style.Font.Bold = true;
                          headerStyle.Style.Font.Size = 20;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].StyleName = "headerStyle";
        
                          curRowIndex++;
                          //导出时间
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1, 2, maxColumnCount].Merge = true;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Value = "导出时间:" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1].Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Right;
                      }
        
                      //数据表格标题(列名)
                      for (int i = 0, rowCount = columns.HeaderExportColumnList.Count; i < rowCount; i++)
                      {
                          curRowIndex++;
                          workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, 1, curRowIndex, maxColumnCount].Style.Font.Bold = true;
                          var curColSpan = 1;
                          for (int j = 0, colCount = columns.HeaderExportColumnList[i].Count; j < colCount; j++)
                          {
                              var colColumn = columns.HeaderExportColumnList[i][j];
                              var colSpan = FindSpaceCol(workSheet, curRowIndex, curColSpan);
                              if (j == 0) curColSpan = colSpan;
                              var toColSpan = colSpan + colColumn.ColSpan;
                              var cell = workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, colSpan, colColumn.RowSpan + curRowIndex, toColSpan];
                              cell.Merge = true;
                              cell.Style.VerticalAlignment = ExcelVerticalAlignment.Center;
                              cell.Style.HorizontalAlignment = ExcelHorizontalAlignment.Center;
                              workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, colSpan].Value = colColumn.Title;
                              curColSpan += colColumn.ColSpan;
                          }
                      }
                      workSheet.View.FreezePanes(curRowIndex + 1, 1);//冻结标题行
        
                      Type type = typeof(T);
                      PropertyInfo[] propertyInfos = type.GetProperties();
                      if (propertyInfos.Count() == 0 && dtSource.Count > 0) propertyInfos = dtSource[0].GetType().GetProperties();
        
                      //数据行
                      for (int i = 0, sourceCount = dtSource.Count(); i < sourceCount; i++)
                      {
                          curRowIndex++;
                          for (var j = 0; j < maxColumnCount; j++)
                          {
                              var column = columns.ExportColumnList[j];
                              var cell = workSheet.Cells[curRowIndex, j + 1];
                              foreach (var propertyInfo in propertyInfos)
                              {
                                  if (column.Field == propertyInfo.Name)
                                  {
                                      object value = propertyInfo.GetValue(dtSource[i]);
                                      var pType = propertyInfo.PropertyType;
                                      pType = pType.Name == "Nullable`1" ? Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(pType) : pType;
                                      if (pType == typeof(DateTime))
                                      {
                                          cell.Style.Numberformat.Format = "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm";
                                          cell.Value = Convert.ToDateTime(value);
                                      }
                                      else if (pType == typeof(int))
                                      {
                                          cell.Style.Numberformat.Format = "#0";
                                          cell.Value = Convert.ToInt32(value);
                                      }
                                      else if (pType == typeof(double) || pType == typeof(decimal))
                                      {
                                          if (column.Precision != null) cell.Style.Numberformat.Format = "#,##0.00";//保留两位小数
        
                                          cell.Value = Convert.ToDouble(value);
                                      }
                                      else
                                      {
                                          cell.Value = value == null ? "" : value.ToString();
                                      }
                                  }
                              }
                          }
                      }
                      workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Address].Style.Font.Name = "宋体";
                      workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Address].AutoFitColumns();//自动填充
                      for (var i = 1; i <= workSheet.Dimension.End.Column; i++) { workSheet.Column(i).Width = workSheet.Column(i).Width + 2; }//在填充的基础上再加2
        
                      return package.GetAsByteArray();
                  }
              }
        
              private static int FindSpaceCol(ExcelWorksheet workSheet, int row, int col)
              {
                  if (workSheet.Cells[row, col].Merge)
                  {
                      return FindSpaceCol(workSheet, row, col + 1);
                  }
                  return col;
              }
        }
    
      //导出所需要映射的字段和表头集合
      public class ExportColumnCollective
      {
           /// <summary>
           /// 字段列集合
           /// </summary>
           public List<ExportColumn> ExportColumnList { get; set; }
           /// <summary>
           /// 表头或多表头集合
           /// </summary>
           public List<List<ExportColumn>> HeaderExportColumnList { get; set;     }
       }
        //映射excel实体
        public class ExportColumn
        {
        
            /// <summary>
            /// 标题
            /// </summary>
            [JsonProperty("title")]
            public string Title { get; set; }
            /// <summary>
            /// 字段
            /// </summary>
            [JsonProperty("field")]
            public string Field { get; set; }
            /// <summary>
            /// 精度(只对double、decimal有效)
            /// </summary>
            [JsonProperty("precision")]
            public int? Precision { get; set; }
            /// <summary>
            /// 跨列
            /// </summary>
            [JsonProperty("colSpan")]
            public int ColSpan { get; set; }
            /// <summary>
            /// 跨行
            /// </summary>
            [JsonProperty("rowSpan")]
            public int RowSpan { get; set; }
        }
    }

    OK,有了通用帮助类库,剩下的就是针对具体业务所需而提供相应字段和表头的隐射,既可以实现文件的导出
    别忘了添加引用命名空间using Common.Utils;
    我们来看一下API

    [HttpGet("ExportExcel")
    public FileResult ExportExcel()
    {
        IList<Gogo> list = new List<Gogo>
          {
              new Gogo
              {
                  Name = "张三",
                  Age = 18,
                  Card = "41234567890",
                  CreateTime = DateTime.Now,
              },
               new Gogo
              {
                  Name = "李四",
                  Age = 20,
                  Card = "4254645461",
                  CreateTime = DateTime.Now,
              },
          };
           //导出表头和字段集合
          ExportColumnCollective ecc = new ExportColumnCollective();
          //导出字段集合
          ecc.ExportColumnList = new List<ExportColumn>
          {
              new ExportColumn{Field = "Name"},
              new ExportColumn{Field = "Card"},
              new ExportColumn{Field = "Age"},
              new ExportColumn{Field = "CreateTime"},
          };
          //导出表头集合
          ecc.HeaderExportColumnList = new List<List<ExportColumn>>
          {
               //使用list是为了后续可能有多表头合并列的需求,这里只需要单个表头所以一个list就ok了
              new List<ExportColumn>
              {
                  new ExportColumn{Title = "姓名"},
                  new ExportColumn{Title = "身份号"},
                  new ExportColumn{Title = "年龄"},
                  new ExportColumn{Title = "添加时间"}
              },
              //new List<ExportColumn>
              //{
              //    new ExportColumn{Title = "子标题A",ColSpan = 1},
              //    new ExportColumn{Title = "子标题B",ColSpan = 1}
              //},
          };
          byte[] result = Export2Excel.Export<Gogo>(list, ecc, "测试导出", false);
          return File(result, "application/vnd.ms-excel", "导出报表.xlsx");
    }

     导入

    [HttpPost]
    public List<ExcelDemoDto> Import([FromForm] ImportExcelInput input)
    {
        var list = new List<ExcelDemoDto>();
    
        using (var package = new ExcelPackage(input.ExcelFile.OpenReadStream()))
        {
            // 获取到第一个Sheet,也可以通过 Worksheets["name"] 获取指定的工作表
            var sheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.First();
    
            #region 获取开始和结束行列的个数,根据个数可以做各种校验工作
    
            // +1 是因为第一行往往我们获取到的都是Excel的标题
            int startRowNumber = sheet.Dimension.Start.Row + 1;
            int endRowNumber = sheet.Dimension.End.Row;
            int startColumn = sheet.Dimension.Start.Column;
            int endColumn = sheet.Dimension.End.Column;
    
            #endregion
    
            // 循环获取整个Excel数据表数据
            for (int currentRow = startRowNumber; currentRow <= endRowNumber; currentRow++)
            {
                list.Add(new ExcelDemoDto
                {
                    AAA = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 1].Text,
                    BBB = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 2].Text,
                    CCC = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 3].Text,
                    DDD = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 4].Text,
                    EEE = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 5].Text,
                    FFF = sheet.Cells[currentRow, 6].Text
                });
            }
        }
    
        return list;
    }
    
    public class ExcelDemoDto
    {
        public string AAA { get; set; }
        public string BBB { get; set; }
        public string CCC { get; set; }
        public string DDD { get; set; }
        public string EEE { get; set; }
        public string FFF { get; set; }
    }
    
    public class ImportExcelInput
    {
        public IFormFile ExcelFile { get; set; }
    }

    导出

    [HttpGet]
    public async Task<string> Export()
    {
        using var package = new ExcelPackage();
        var worksheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("sheet1");
    
        var headers = new string[] { "AAA", "BBB", "CCC", "DDD", "EEE", "FFF" };
        for (int i = 0; i < headers.Length; i++)
        {
            worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1].Value = headers[i];
            worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1].Style.Font.Bold = true;
        }
    
        // 模拟数据
        var list = new List<ExcelDemoDto>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
        {
            list.Add(new ExcelDemoDto
            {
                AAA = $"A{i}",
                BBB = $"B{i}",
                CCC = $"C{i}",
                DDD = $"D{i}",
                EEE = $"E{i}",
                FFF = $"F{i}"
            });
        }
    
        // 支持各种直接获取数据的方法
        // worksheet.Cells.Load*...
    
        int row = 2;
        foreach (var item in list)
        {
            worksheet.Cells[row, 1].Value = item.AAA;
            worksheet.Cells[row, 2].Value = item.BBB;
            worksheet.Cells[row, 3].Value = item.CCC;
            worksheet.Cells[row, 4].Value = item.DDD;
            worksheet.Cells[row, 5].Value = item.EEE;
            worksheet.Cells[row, 6].Value = item.FFF;
    
            row++;
        }
    
        // 通常做法是,将excel上传至对象存储,获取到下载链接,这里将其输出到项目根目录。
        var path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), $"excel.xlsx");
        await package.GetAsByteArray().DownloadAsync(path);
        return path;
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/netlock/p/14101383.html
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