参考文档278641.1
0.备份
备主备库的spfile
备份主库的数据
1.在主库上暂停向备库传日志
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_X=defer scope=both sid='*'
2.关闭备库以及备库监听，打上psu；不需要执行catpatch/catbundle/catcpu这些脚本；打完补丁后，将备库启动到mount状态，启动备库监听
(1)关闭数据库及监听
shutdown immediate;
lsnrctl stop
集群的环境关闭命令如下：
srvctl stop database -d dbname
srvctl stop listener -n nodehost1 -l lsnr_name
srvctl stop listener -n nodehost2 -l lsnr_name
(2)打psu补丁
opatch apply (注意要看psu文档上面需要的opatch版本要求，如果不满足，需要去下载6880880 opatch的最新版本)
注意一点，如果没有完全退出sqlplus的话，那么apply的时候会报错：
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:
Following executables are active :
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
解决方法是 ：
fuser /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
再kill -9 显示的第一个值
(3)启动数据库到mount状态，启动监听
startup mount
lsncrctl start
3.关闭主库以及主库监听，打上psu，执行catpatch/catbundle/catcpu这些脚本；
(1)关闭数据库和监听
shutdown immediate
lsnrctl stop
集群的环境关闭命令如下：
srvctl stop database -d dbname
srvctl stop listener -n nodehost1 -l lsnr_name
srvctl stop listener -n nodehost2 -l lsnr_name
(2)opatch apply
(3)执行脚本
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup restrict
@catbundle.sql psu apply
@utlrp.sql
注意一点：
如果是普通的不得，执行：
SQL>@catupgrade
如果是安全补丁，执行：
SQL>@catcpu
4.启动主库监听，启动向备库传递日志
lsnrctl start
集群用下面的命令给每个节点启动
srvctl start database -d dbname
srvctl start service -d dbname
srvctl start listener -n nodehost1 -l lsnr_name
打开主库让其他进程也可以访问
alter system disable restricted session;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_X=enable scope=both sid='*'
这个时候可以在备库的alert日志上面看到类似：
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_990_6ampq53c1_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_991_6ampn54l3_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_992_6apmp561o_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_993_6ampp572b_.arc'
Thu Nov 6 11:55:20 2016
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_994_6ampz58i1_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_995_6ampa59z8_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_996_6apma68p0_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_997_6amps572b_.arc'
Thu Nov 6 11:59:26 2016
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_998_6amps60c1_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_999_6ampz61l3_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_1000_6apmp621o_.arc'
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/0u1/archivelogdir/pmis_STD/archivelog/2015_11_06/o1_mf_1_1001_6amp652b_.arc'
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 1002
5.打开备库的 apply/managed recovery
直到看到Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 1002 这种信息，表示已经把日志恢复完成，这个时候可以切换到active dataguard的模式
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
如果没有执行上面的命令，直接alter database open的话，会报错如下：
ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in progress
所以正确的步骤是：
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect ;
再查询状态：
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
PMIS MOUNTED
6.检查补丁情况，在主备库都要检查
opatch lsinventory