Http接口调用示例教程

介绍HttpClient库的使用前，先介绍jdk里HttpURLConnection，因为HttpClient是开源的第三方库，使用方便，不过jdk里的都是比较基本的，有时候没有HttpClient的时候也可以使用jdk里的HttpURLConnection，HttpURLConnection都是调jdk java.net库的，下面给出实例代码：

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String url = "https://ocr-api.ccint.com/ocr_service?app_key=%s";
        String appKey = "xxxxxx"; // your app_key
      String appSecret = "xxxxxx"; // your app_secret
      url = String.format(url, appKey);
        OutputStreamWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            String imgData = imageToBase64("example.jpg");
            String param="{"app_secret":"%s","image_data":"%s"}";
            param=String.format(param,appSecret,imgData);
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置请求方式
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); // 设置发送数据的
            conn.connect();
            out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
            out.append(param);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(result);
    }
    public static String imageToBase64(String path)
    {
        String imgFile = path;
        InputStream in = null;
        byte[] data = null;
        try
        {
            in = new FileInputStream(imgFile);
            data = new byte[in.available()];
            in.read(data);
            in.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
        return encoder.encode(data);
    }
}

然后介绍一下HttpClient，只给出实例代码，不封装成工具类，因为理解基本用法后，自己封装工具类也是很容易的

HttpClient的GET请求

   CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    //https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=jeeplatform&type=
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("https://github.com/search");
    uriBuilder.addParameter("q","jeeplatform");
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
    CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
    if(statusCode==200){
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8"));
    }
    httpClient.close();
    httpResponse.close();

HttpClient的POST请求，与GET请求类似

    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    //https://www.sogou.com/sie?query=%E8%8A%B1%E5%8D%83%E9%AA%A8&hdq=AQ7CZ&ekv=3&ie=utf8&
    String uri = "https://www.sogou.com/sie";
    List<NameValuePair> params= new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("query","花千骨"));
    StringEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"UTF-8");
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
    httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
    if(statusCode == 200){
        System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()));
    }
    httpClient.close();
    httpResponse.close();

上面例子是可以支持访问签名要求没那么高的接口，然后访问自签名https的站点，那就要建立一个自定义的SSLContext对象，该对象要有可以存储信任密钥的容器，还要有判断当前连接是否受信任的策略，以及在SSL连接工厂中取消对所有主机名的验证，如果还是使用默认的HttpClient是会有下面的异常：

PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

给出解决方法：

public static CloseableHttpClient getClient() {
		RegistryBuilder<ConnectionSocketFactory> registryBuilder = RegistryBuilder.create();
		ConnectionSocketFactory plainSF = new PlainConnectionSocketFactory();
		registryBuilder.register("http", plainSF);
		// 指定信任密钥存储对象和连接套接字工厂
		try {
			KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
			// 信任任何链接
			TrustStrategy anyTrustStrategy = new TrustStrategy() {
				@Override
				public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
					return true;
				}
			};
			SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().useTLS().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, anyTrustStrategy).build();
			LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslSF = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
			registryBuilder.register("https", sslSF);
		} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = registryBuilder.build();
		// 设置连接管理器
		PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
		RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000).setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000).build();
		return HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(connManager).setMaxConnTotal(POOL_SIZE).setMaxConnPerRoute(POOL_SIZE).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
	}

然后CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getClient()就可以

然后HttpClient语法相对比较繁杂？如果觉得比较麻烦，可以用Spring框架的RestTemplate，这里要创建一个自定义的bean，根据需要创建，代码示例：

//访问自签名https的要点
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = 
					new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClientUtil.getClient());
		 RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);*/
		 
			 Bean result= restTemplate.getForObject(digitalgdOauthUrl, Bean.class);