• Java遍历HashMap并修改(remove)(转载)


    遍历HashMap的方法有多种,比如通过获取map的keySet, entrySet, iterator之后,都可以实现遍历,然而如果在遍历过程中对map进行读取之外的操作则需要注意使用的遍历方式和操作方法。

    public class MapIteratorTest {
     
        private static Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //init
            for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
                map.put(i, "value" + i);
            }
     
            for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : map.entrySet()){
                 Integer key = entry.getKey();
                 if(key % 2 == 0){
                System.out.println("To delete key " + key);
                     map.remove(key);
                     System.out.println("The key " + + key + " was deleted");
                 }
            }
     
            System.out.println("map size = " + map.size());
            for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : map.entrySet()){
                System.out.println( entry.getKey() +" = " + entry.getValue());
            }
        }
    }
    

    上面代码的输出结果为

    To delete key 0
    The key 0 was deleted
    Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
    at java.util.HashMap$HashIterator.nextEntry(HashMap.java:793)
    at java.util.HashMap$EntryIterator.next(HashMap.java:834)
    at java.util.HashMap$EntryIterator.next(HashMap.java:832)
    at com.gpzuestc.collection.MapIteratorTest.main(MapIteratorTest.java:60)
    

    通过上面的输出可以发现第一个偶数key元素已经被成功remove,异常的抛出位置是在迭代器遍历下一个元素的时候。

    如果把上面高亮的遍历代码替换成keySet的方式,通过keySet的remove操作同样会在遍历下个元素时抛出异常,示例如下。

    Set<Integer> keySet = map.keySet();
            for(Integer key : keySet){
                if(key % 2 == 0){
                    System.out.println("To delete key " + key);
                    keySet.remove(key);
                    System.out.println("The key " + + key + " was deleted");
                 }
            }
    

     

    To delete key 0
    The key 0 was deleted
    Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
    at java.util.HashMap$HashIterator.nextEntry(HashMap.java:793)
    at java.util.HashMap$KeyIterator.next(HashMap.java:828)
    at com.gpzuestc.collection.MapIteratorTest.main(MapIteratorTest.java:49)
    

    如果要实现遍历过程中进行remove操作,上面两种方式都不能使用,而是需要通过显示获取keySet或entrySet的iterator来实现。

    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry = it.next();
                Integer key = entry.getKey();
                if(key % 2 == 0){
               System.out.println("To delete key " + key);
               it.remove();    
               System.out.println("The key " + + key + " was deleted");
     
                }
            }
    
    To delete key 0
    The key 0 was deleted
    To delete key 2
    The key 2 was deleted
    To delete key 4
    The key 4 was deleted
    To delete key 6
    The key 6 was deleted
    To delete key 8
    The key 8 was deleted
    map size = 5
    1 = value1
    3 = value3
    5 = value5
    7 = value7
    9 = value9
    

    分析原因

    其实上面的三种遍历方式从根本上讲都是使用的迭代器,之所以出现不同的结果是由于remove操作的实现不同决定的。

    首先前两种方法都在调用nextEntry方法的同一个地方抛出了异常

    final Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
                if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                Entry<K,V> e = next;
                ...
                ...
         }
    

    这里modCount是表示map中的元素被修改了几次(在移除,新加元素时此值都会自增),而expectedModCount是表示期望的修改次数,在迭代器构造的时候这两个值是相等,如果在遍历过程中这两个值出现了不同步就会抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常。

    1、HashMap的remove方法实现

    public V remove(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
        return (e == null ? null : e.value);
    }
    

    2、HashMap.KeySet的remove方法实现

    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        return HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(o) != null;
    }
    

    3、HashMap.HashIterator的remove方法实现

    public void remove() {
       if (current == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException();
       if (modCount != expectedModCount)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
       Object k = current.key;
       current = null;
       HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(k);
       expectedModCount = modCount;
    }
    

    以上三种实现方式都通过调用HashMap.removeEntryForKey方法来实现删除key的操作。在removeEntryForKey方法内只要移除了key modCount就会执行一次自增操作,此时modCount就与expectedModCount不一致了,上面三种remove实现中,只有第三种iterator的remove方法在调用完removeEntryForKey方法后同步了expectedModCount值与modCount相同,所以在遍历下个元素调用nextEntry方法时,iterator方式不会抛异常。

    final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
            int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
            int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
            Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
            Entry<K,V> e = prev;
     
            while (e != null) {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                Object k;
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                    modCount++;
                    size--;
                    if (prev == e)
                        table[i] = next;
                    else
                        prev.next = next;
                    e.recordRemoval(this);
                    return e;
                }
                prev = e;
                e = next;
            }
     
            return e;
        }
    

    发散

    1、如果是遍历过程中增加或修改数据呢?
    增加或修改数据只能通过Map的put方法实现,在遍历过程中修改数据可以,但如果增加新key就会在下次循环时抛异常,因为在添加新key时modCount也会自增。

    2、有些集合类也有同样的遍历问题,如ArrayList,通过Iterator方式可正确遍历完成remove操作,直接调用list的remove方法就会抛异常。

    //会抛ConcurrentModificationException异常
    for(String str : list){
    list.remove(str);
    }
     
    //正确遍历移除方式
    Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
    while(it.hasNext()){
    it.next();
    it.remove();
    }
    

    3、jdk为什么这样设计,只允许通过iterator进行remove操作?
    HashMap和keySet的remove方法都可以通过传递key参数删除任意的元素,而iterator只能删除当前元素(current),一旦删除的元素是iterator对象中next所正在引用的,如果没有通过modCount、 expectedModCount的比较实现快速失败抛出异常,下次循环该元素将成为current指向,此时iterator就遍历了一个已移除的过期数据。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/myseries/p/8586493.html
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