在项目中，我们经常遇到或用到分页，那么在大数据量（百万级以上）下，哪种分页算法效率最优呢？我们不妨用事实说话。
测试环境
硬件：CPU 酷睿双核T5750 内存：2G
软件:Windows server 2003 + Sql server 2005
OK,我们首先创建一数据库：data_Test,并在此数据库中创建一表：tb_TestTable
按 Ctrl+C 复制代码
按 Ctrl+C 复制代码
然后我们在数据表中插入2000000条数据:
--插入数据 2
set identity_insert tb_TestTable on 3
declare @count int 4
set @count=1 5
while @count<=2000000 6
begin 7
insert into tb_TestTable(id,userName,userPWD,userEmail) values(@count,'admin','admin888','lli0077@yahoo.com.cn') 8
set @count=@count+1 9
end 10
set identity_insert tb_TestTable off
我首先写了五个常用存储过程：
1，利用select top 和select not in进行分页，具体代码如下：
create procedure proc_paged_with_notin --利用select top and select not in 2
( 3
@pageIndex int, --页索引 4
@pageSize int --每页记录数 5
) 6
as 7
begin 8
set nocount on; 9
declare @timediff datetime --耗时 10
declare @sql nvarchar(500) 11
select @timediff=Getdate() 12
set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_TestTable where(ID not in(select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id from tb_TestTable order by ID ASC)) order by ID' 13
execute(@sql) --因select top后不支技直接接参数，所以写成了字符串@sql 14
select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时 15
set nocount off; 16
end
2,利用select top 和 select max(列键)
create procedure proc_paged_with_selectMax --利用select top and select max(列) 2
( 3
@pageIndex int, --页索引 4
@pageSize int --页记录数 5
) 6
as 7
begin 8
set nocount on; 9
declare @timediff datetime 10
declare @sql nvarchar(500) 11
select @timediff=Getdate() 12
set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * From tb_TestTable where(ID>(select max(id) From (select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id From tb_TestTable order by ID) as TempTable)) order by ID' 13
execute(@sql) 14
select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时 15
set nocount off; 16
end
3,利用select top和中间变量--此方法因网上有人说效果最佳，所以贴出来一同测试
create procedure proc_paged_with_Midvar --利用ID>最大ID值和中间变量 2
( 3
@pageIndex int, 4
@pageSize int 5
) 6
as 7
declare @count int 8
declare @ID int 9
declare @timediff datetime 10
declare @sql nvarchar(500) 11
begin 12
set nocount on; 13
select @count=0,@ID=0,@timediff=getdate() 14
select @count=@count+1,@ID=case when @count<=@pageSize*@pageIndex then ID else @ID end from tb_testTable order by id 15
set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_testTable where ID>'+str(@ID) 16
execute(@sql) 17
select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 18
set nocount off; 19
end20
4,利用Row_number() 此方法为SQL server 2005中新的方法,利用Row_number()给数据行加上索引
create procedure proc_paged_with_Rownumber --利用SQL 2005中的Row_number() 2
( 3
@pageIndex int, 4
@pageSize int 5
) 6
as 7
declare @timediff datetime 8
begin 9
set nocount on; 10
select @timediff=getdate() 11
select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from tb_testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>@pageSize*@pageIndex and IDRank<@pageSize*(@pageIndex+1) 12
select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 13
set nocount off; 14
end15
5，利用临时表及Row_number
create procedure proc_CTE --利用临时表及Row_number 2
( 3
@pageIndex int, --页索引 4
@pageSize int --页记录数 5
) 6
as 7
set nocount on; 8
declare @ctestr nvarchar(400) 9
declare @strSql nvarchar(400) 10
declare @datediff datetime 11
begin 12
select @datediff=GetDate() 13
set @ctestr='with Table_CTE as 14
(select ceiling((Row_number() over(order by ID ASC))/'+str(@pageSize)+') as page_num,* from tb_TestTable)'; 15
set @strSql=@ctestr+' select * From Table_CTE where page_num='+str(@pageIndex) 16
end 17
begin 18
execute sp_executesql @strSql 19
select datediff(ms,@datediff,GetDate()) 20
set nocount off; 21
end22
OK,至此，存储过程创建完毕，我们分别在每页10条数据的情况下在第2页，第1000页，第10000页，第100000页，第199999页进行测试，耗时单位：ms 每页测试5次取其平均值
| 存过 | 第2页耗时 | 第1000页耗时 | 第10000页耗时 | 第100000页耗时 | 第199999页耗时 | 效率排行 |
| 1用not in | 0ms | 16ms | 47ms | 475ms | 953ms | 3 |
| 2用select max | 5ms | 16ms | 35ms | 325ms | 623ms | 1 |
| 3中间变量 | 966ms | 970ms | 960ms | 945ms | 933ms | 5 |
| 4row_number | 0ms | 0ms | 34ms | 365ms | 710ms | 2 |
| 4临时表 | 780ms | 796ms | 798ms | 780ms | 805ms | 4 |
测试结果显示：select max >row_number>not in>临时表>中间变量
于是我对效率最高的select max方法用2分法进行了扩展，代码取自互联网，我修改了ASC排序时取不到值的BUG，测试结果:
| 2分法 | 156ms | 156ms | 180ms | 470ms | 156ms | 1* |
从测试结果来看，使用2分法确实可以提高效率并使效率更为稳定，我又增加了第159999页的测试，用时仅296ms，效果相当的不错！
下面是2分法使用select max的代码，已相当完善。
--/*-----存储过程 分页处理 孙伟 2005-03-28创建 -------*/ 2
--/*-----存储过程 分页处理 浪尘 2008-9-1修改----------*/ 3
--/*----- 对数据进行了2分处理使查询前半部分数据与查询后半部分数据性能相同 -------*/ 4
5
alter PROCEDURE proc_paged_2part_selectMax 6
( 7
@tblName nvarchar(200), ----要显示的表或多个表的连接 8
@fldName nvarchar(500) = '*', ----要显示的字段列表 9
@pageSize int = 10, ----每页显示的记录个数 10
@page int = 1, ----要显示那一页的记录 11
@fldSort nvarchar(200) = null, ----排序字段列表或条件 12
@Sort bit = 0, ----排序方法，0为升序，1为降序(如果是多字段排列Sort指代最后一个排序字段的排列顺序(最后一个排序字段不加排序标记)--程序传参如：' SortA Asc,SortB Desc,SortC ') 13
@strCondition nvarchar(1000) = null, ----查询条件,不需where 14
@ID nvarchar(150), ----主表的主键 15
@Dist bit = 0, ----是否添加查询字段的 DISTINCT 默认0不添加/1添加 16
@pageCount int = 1 output, ----查询结果分页后的总页数 17
@Counts int = 1 output ----查询到的记录数 18
) 19
AS 20
SET NOCOUNT ON 21
Declare @sqlTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放动态生成的SQL语句 22
Declare @strTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询结果总数的查询语句 23
Declare @strID nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询开头或结尾ID的查询语句 24
25
Declare @strSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则A 26
Declare @strFSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则B 27
28
Declare @SqlSelect nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的查询进行SQL构造 29
Declare @SqlCounts nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的总数查询进行SQL构造 30
31
declare @timediff datetime --耗时测试时间差 32
select @timediff=getdate() 33
34
if @Dist = 0 35
begin 36
set @SqlSelect = 'select ' 37
set @SqlCounts = 'Count(*)' 38
end 39
else 40
begin 41
set @SqlSelect = 'select distinct ' 42
set @SqlCounts = 'Count(DISTINCT '+@ID+')' 43
end 44
45
46
if @Sort=0 47
begin 48
set @strFSortType=' ASC ' 49
set @strSortType=' DESC ' 50
end 51
else 52
begin 53
set @strFSortType=' DESC ' 54
set @strSortType=' ASC ' 55
end 56
57
58
59
--------生成查询语句-------- 60
--此处@strTmp为取得查询结果数量的语句 61
if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件 62
begin 63
set @sqlTmp = @fldName + ' From ' + @tblName 64
set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName 65
set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName 66
end 67
else 68
begin 69
set @sqlTmp = + @fldName + 'From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 70
set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 71
set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 72
end 73
74
----取得查询结果总数量----- 75
exec sp_executesql @strTmp,N'@Counts int out ',@Counts out 76
declare @tmpCounts int 77
if @Counts = 0 78
set @tmpCounts = 1 79
else 80
set @tmpCounts = @Counts 81
82
--取得分页总数 83
set @pageCount=(@tmpCounts+@pageSize-1)/@pageSize 84
85
/**//**当前页大于总页数 取最后一页**/ 
86
if @page>@pageCount 87
set @page=@pageCount 88
89
--/*-----数据分页2分处理-------*/ 90
declare @pageIndex int --总数/页大小 91
declare @lastcount int --总数%页大小 92
93
set @pageIndex = @tmpCounts/@pageSize 94
set @lastcount = @tmpCounts%@pageSize 95
if @lastcount > 0 96
set @pageIndex = @pageIndex + 1 97
else 98
set @lastcount = @pagesize 99
100
--//***显示分页 101
if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件 102
begin 103
if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理 104
begin 105
if @page=1 106
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 107
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 108
else 109
begin 110
if @Sort=1 111
begin 112
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 113
+' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 114
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 115
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 116
end 117
else 118
begin 119
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 120
+' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 121
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 122
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 123
end 124
end 125
end 126
else 127
begin 128
set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理 129
if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示 130
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 131
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 132
else 133
if @Sort=1 134
begin 135
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 136
+' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 137
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 138
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 139
end 140
else 141
begin 142
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 143
+' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 144
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 145
+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 146
end 147
end 148
end 149
150
else --有查询条件 151
begin 152
if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理 153
begin 154
if @page=1 155
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 156
+' where 1=1 ' + @strCondition + ' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 157
else if(@Sort=1) 158
begin 159
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 160
+' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 161
+' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 162
+' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 163
end 164
else 165
begin 166
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 167
+' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 168
+' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 169
+' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 170
end 171
end 172
else 173
begin 174
set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理 175
if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示 176
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 177
+' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 178
else if(@Sort=1) 179
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 180
+' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 181
+' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 182
+' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 183
else 184
set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 185
+' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 186
+' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 187
+' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 188
end 189
end 190
191
------返回查询结果----- 192
exec sp_executesql @strTmp 193
select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 194
--print @strTmp 195
SET NOCOUNT OFF 196
GO197
执行示例：exec proc_paged_2part_selectMax 'tb_testTable','ID,userName,userPWD,userEmail',10,100000,'ID',0,null,'ID',0
这种测试只在单机进行，并且没有在实际开发WEB项目中分页测试，测试项也比较单一，所以不够全面系统，但从其效率相比上，我们可以在数据库分页算法上进行有效的控制。
原文出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/lli0077/archive/2008/09/03/1282862.html