• 如何测试Linux命令运行时间 ---- time命令


    良许在工作中,写过一个 Shell 脚本,这个脚本可以从 4 个 NTP 服务器轮流获取时间,然后将最可靠的时间设置为系统时间。

    因为我们对于时间的要求比较高,需要在短时间内就获取到正确的时间。所以我们就需要对这个脚本运行时间进行测试,看看从开始运行到正确设置时间需要花费多少时间。

    其实在工作中,还有很多情况下需要测试一个脚本或者程序运行多少时间,特别是对于时间性要求比较高的系统更是如此。

    对于时间的测试,我们可以用到一个命令:time 。下面我们就详细看看如何使用 time 命令来对脚本/命令进行测时。

    1. time 命令基本用法

    time 命令最基本的用法,就是 time + 命令 ,比如:

    $ time ping baidu.com
    PING baidu.com (123.125.114.144) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=2.83 ms
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=2.77 ms
    …………
    ^C
    --- baidu.com ping statistics ---
    8 packets transmitted, 8 received, 0% packet loss, time 10818ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.765/2.808/2.862/0.039 ms
    
    real    0m11.173s
    user    0m0.004s
    sys     0m0.002s
    

    在结果里,real 表示从我们执行 ping 命令到最终按 ctrl+c 终止这段时间所耗费的时间;usersys 分别表示 ping 命令在用户空间及内核空间所运行的时间。

    2. 将时间信息写入文件

    如果我们想把时间信息直接写入到文件,而不是显示在屏幕上,那么我们可以使用 -o 选项,并指定写入的文件路径。

    $ /usr/bin/time -o /home/alvin/time-output.txt ping baidu.com
    

    执行这个命令后,ping 命令的输出结果依然会在终端里,而 time 命令的结果就写入到我们所指定的 time-output.txt 文件里。

    -o 选项表示输出文件不存在就创建,如果存在的话就直接覆盖重写。如果我们不想覆盖重写,而是想追加在文件后面,我们可以使用 -a 选项。

    $ /usr/bin/time -a /home/smart/time-output.txt ping linoxide.com
    

    3. 显示更详细的时间信息

    time 命令不带选项的话,显示的信息量比较少,如果我们想获得更详细的信息,那么我们可以使用 -v 选项。

    $ /usr/bin/time -v ping baidu.com
    PING baidu.com (123.125.114.144) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=2.75 ms
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=2.76 ms
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=2.85 ms
    64 bytes from 123.125.114.144 (123.125.114.144): icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=2.77 ms
    ^C
    --- baidu.com ping statistics ---
    4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3300ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.751/2.785/2.851/0.075 ms
            Command being timed: "ping baidu.com"
            User time (seconds): 0.00
            System time (seconds): 0.00
            Percent of CPU this job got: 0%
            Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:03.64
            Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
            Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
            Average stack size (kbytes): 0
            Average total size (kbytes): 0
            Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 2140
            Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
            Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
            Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 626
            Voluntary context switches: 10
            Involuntary context switches: 0
            Swaps: 0
            File system inputs: 0
            File system outputs: 0
            Socket messages sent: 0
            Socket messages received: 0
            Signals delivered: 0
            Page size (bytes): 4096
            Exit status: 0
    

    这个结果信息就相当详细了,我们可以获取到足够多我们所需要的信息。

    4. 自定义输出格式

    默认情况下,time 命令只输出 real,usr,sys 三个内容,如果我们想要个性化一些,算定义它的输出格式,time 命令也是支持的。time 命令支持的格式有很多,如下所示:

    C - Name and command line arguments used
    D - Average size of the process's unshared data area in kilobytes
    E - Elapsed time in a clock format
    F - Number of page faults
    I - Number of file system inputs by the process
    K - Average total memory use of the process in kilobytes
    M - Maximum resident set the size of the process during the lifetime in Kilobytes
    O - Number of file system outputs by the process
    P - Percentage of CPU that the job received
    R - Number of minor or recoverable page faults
    S - Total number of CPU seconds used by the system in kernel mode
    U - Total number of CPU seconds used by user mode
    W - Number of times the process was swapped out of main memory
    X - Average amount of shared text in the process
    Z - System's page size in kilobytes
    c - Number of times the process was context-switched
    e - Elapsed real time used by the process in seconds
    k - Number of signals delivered to the process
    p - Average unshared stack size of the process in kilobytes
    r - Number of socket messages received by the process
    s - Number of socket messages sent by the process
    t - Average resident set size of the process in kilobytes
    w - Number of time the process was context-switched voluntarily
    x - Exit status of the command
    

    如果我们想要输出以下这样的格式:

    Elapsed Time = 0:01:00, Inputs 2, Outputs 1
    

    我们可以这样自定义:

    $ /usr/bin/time -f "Elapsed Time = %E, Inputs %I, Outputs %O" ping baidu.com
    PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=1.82 ms
    64 bytes from 220.181.38.148 (220.181.38.148): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=1.86 ms
    ^C
    --- baidu.com ping statistics ---
    4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3003ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.825/1.859/1.879/0.056 ms
    Elapsed Time = 0:03.92, Inputs 0, Outputs 0
    

    如果你想让输出的结果有换行,可以在对应的地方添加 ,比如:

    $ /usr/bin/time -f "Elapsed Time = %E 
     Inputs %I 
     Outputs %O" ping baidu.com
    

    这样输出的结果就类似于这样:

    Elapsed Time = 0:03.92
    Inputs 0
    Outputs 0
    

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    出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/yychuyu/p/12636388.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mq0036/p/12691182.html
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