• Java内存溢出示例


    按照java内存的结构,发生内存溢出的地方常在于堆、栈、方法区、直接内存

    一、堆溢出

    堆溢出原因莫过于对象太多导致,看代码:

    /**
     * java 堆溢出
     * VM Args:-Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
     * @author 
     */
    public class HeapOOM {
    
        static class OOMObject {
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            List<OOMObject> list = new ArrayList<OOMObject>();
            
            while (true) {
                list.add(new OOMObject());
                /*System.out.println("total(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024+
                        "  freeMemory(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024+
                        "  maxMemory(k):"+Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024+
                        "  availableProcessors:"+Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());*/
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
    Dumping heap to java_pid1820.hprof ...
    Heap dump file created [24787111 bytes in 0.346 secs]
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
        at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2760)
        at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:2734)
        at java.util.ArrayList.ensureCapacity(ArrayList.java:167)
        at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:351)
        at baby.oom.HeapOOM.main(HeapOOM.java:19)
     * 
     *
    */

    二、栈溢出

    根据JAVA虚拟机规范描述:如果线程请求的栈深度大于虚拟机所允许的最大深度,将抛出StackOverflowError

                                                 如果虚拟机在扩展栈时无法申请到足够的内存空间,将抛出OutOfMemoryError。

    实验表明:在单线程下,无论是由于栈帧太大还是虚拟机栈容量太小,当内存无法分配的时候,虚拟机抛出的都是StackOverflowError。

     通过不断的建立新线程的方式可以产生内存溢出溢出。为每个线程的栈分配的内存越大,反而越容易产生内存溢出异常。如果是建立过多线程导致的内存溢出,在不能减少线程数量或者更换64位虚拟机的情况下,就只能通过减少最大堆和减少栈容量来换取更多的线程。

    假设32位windows系统虚拟机最大设为2G,虚拟机提供了参数来控制java堆和方法区这两部分最大值,剩余的内存为2G - Xmx- MaxPermSize,如果虚拟机本身进程内存大小不算在内,省下的内存就有虚拟机和本地方法栈瓜分了。每个线程分配到的栈容量越大,可以建立的线程数量自然就越少。

    /**
     * 栈异常
     * 如果线程请求的栈深度大于虚拟机所允许的最大深度,将抛出StackOverflowError
     * 如果虚拟机在扩展栈时无法申请到足够的内存空间,将抛出OutOfMemoryError
     * VM Args:-Xss128k
     * @author 
     */
    public class JavaVMStackSOF {
    
        private int stackLength = 1;
    
        public void stackLeak() {
            stackLength++;
            stackLeak();
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
            JavaVMStackSOF oom = new JavaVMStackSOF();
            try {
                oom.stackLeak();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                System.out.println("stack length:" + oom.stackLength);
                throw e;
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 
     * stack length:2403
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
        at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:11)
        at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:12)
        at baby.oom.JavaVMStackSOF.stackLeak(JavaVMStackSOF.java:12)
        
        默认情况下,即不加Xss限制,输出的length为8956,加了Xss128k length位2403
     */
    /**
     * VM Args:-Xss2M (这时候不妨设大些)
     * @author 
     */
    public class JavaVMStackOOM {
     
        int i=0;
           private void dontStop() {
                  while (true) {
                  }
           }
     
           public void stackLeakByThread() {
               
                  while (true) {
                         Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                                @Override
                                public void run() {
                                       dontStop();
                                }
                         });
                         i++;
                         System.out.println("i="+i);
                         thread.start();
                  }
           }
     
           public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
                  JavaVMStackOOM oom = new JavaVMStackOOM();
                 
                  try {
                      oom.stackLeakByThread();
                  } catch (Throwable e) {
                      System.out.println("thread num:" + oom.i);
                      throw e;
                  }
           }
    }
    //i=391
    //thread num:391
    //Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread

    三、方法区溢出

       当运行时常量池过大或者类过多时就会导致方法区溢出。

    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * VM Args:-XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M
     * @author 
     */
    public class RuntimeConstantPoolOOM {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // 使用List保持着常量池引用,避免Full GC回收常量池行为
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
            // 10MB的PermSize在integer范围内足够产生OOM了
            int i = 0; 
            while (true) {
                list.add(String.valueOf(i++).intern());
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
        at java.lang.String.intern(Native Method)
        at baby.oom.RuntimeConstantPoolOOM.main(RuntimeConstantPoolOOM.java:18)
    
    */
    
    
    
    
    
    /**
     * VM Args: -XX:PermSize=10M -XX:MaxPermSize=10M
     * @author 
     */
    public class JavaMethodAreaOOM {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            while (true) {
                Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
                enhancer.setSuperclass(OOMObject.class);
                enhancer.setUseCache(false);
                enhancer.setCallback(new MethodInterceptor() {
                
                    @Override
                    public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] arg, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
                        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                        return proxy.invokeSuper(obj, arg);
                    }
                });
                enhancer.create();
            }
        }
    
        static class OOMObject {
    
        }
    }
    
    /*
     * Exception in thread "main" net.sf.cglib.core.CodeGenerationException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException-->null
        at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:237)
        at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:377)
        at net.sf.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.create(Enhancer.java:285)
        at baby.oom.JavaMethodAreaOOM.main(JavaMethodAreaOOM.java:28)
    Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils.defineClass(ReflectUtils.java:384)
        at net.sf.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:219)
        ... 3 more
    Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615)
        ... 8 more
     */

    四、直接内存溢出
        虽然使用DerictByteBuffer分配内存也会抛出内存溢出异常,但它抛出异常时并没有真正向操作系统申请分配,而是通过计算得知内存无法分配,于是手动抛出异常,真正申请分配内存的方法是unsafe.allocateMemory()。

    import java.lang.reflect.Field;   
    import sun.misc.Unsafe; 
    /**
     * VM Args:-Xmx20M -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=10M
     * @author 
     * Eclipse 默认把这些受访问限制的API设成了ERROR。
    
    解决办法:将Windows->Preferences->Java-Complicer->Errors/Warnings->Deprecated and restricted API,中的Forbidden references(access rules)设置为Warning,即可以编译通过。
    
     */
    public class DirectMemoryOOM {
    
        private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            
            Field unsafeField = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredFields()[0];
            unsafeField.setAccessible(true);
            Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) unsafeField.get(null);
            while (true) {
                unsafe.allocateMemory(_1MB);
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
        at sun.misc.Unsafe.allocateMemory(Native Method)
        at baby.oom.DirectMemoryOOM.main(DirectMemoryOOM.java:20)
    */
  • 相关阅读:
    web程序入门六(缓存)
    web程序入门五(http无状态)
    web程序入门四(webform常用成员)
    web程序入门三(分页)
    web程序入门二(webforms web窗体 aspx)
    CodeForce 710E
    CodeForce 710C Magic Odd Square
    CodeForce 710B Optimal Point on a Line
    CodeForce 710A King Moves
    HDU 4003
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/moonandstar08/p/5401182.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知