参考：http://www.zsythink.net/archives/2671
前一篇文章中已经初步的总结了变量的一些使用方法，这篇文章我们继续，只不过，这篇文章所涉及到的内容需要借助两个模块，所以在详细的总结变量的相关使用方法之前，会先描述一下这两个模块的用法。
当我们运行一个playbook时，默认都会运行一个名为"[Gathering Facts]"的任务，前文中已经大致的介绍过这个默认的任务，ansible通过"[Gathering Facts]"这个默认任务收集远程主机的相关信息（例如远程主机的IP地址，主机名，系统版本，硬件配置等信息），其实，这些被收集到的远程主机信息会保存在对应的变量中，当我们想要使用这些信息时，我们可以获取对应的变量，从而使用这些信息。
如果想要查看"[Gathering Facts]"任务收集的信息内容，我们可以借助一个模块：setup模块
当执行playbook时，playbook其实就是自动调用了setup模块从而执行了"[Gathering Facts]"任务，所以我们可以通过手动执行setup模块查看"[Gathering Facts]"任务收集到的信息，示例如下
上述ad-hoc命令表示收集test70主机的相关信息，执行上述命令后，远程主机test70的相关信息将会输出到ansible主机的控制台上，返回的信息的格式是json格式，我的返回信息如下。
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible test70 -m setup
test70 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"192.168.1.70"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [],
"ansible_apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "07/28/2017",
"ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.18.2.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"biosdevname": "0",
"crashkernel": "auto",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"quiet": true,
"rd.lvm.lv": "centos/root",
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root"
},
"ansible_date_time": {
"date": "2020-10-09",
"day": "09",
"epoch": "1602233781",
"hour": "16",
"iso8601": "2020-10-09T08:56:21Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20201009T165621882645",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20201009T165621",
"iso8601_micro": "2020-10-09T08:56:21.882734Z",
"minute": "56",
"month": "10",
"second": "21",
"time": "16:56:21",
"tz": "CST",
"tz_offset": "+0800",
"weekday": "星期五",
"weekday_number": "5",
"weeknumber": "40",
"year": "2020"
},
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.1.70",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "192.168.1.255",
"gateway": "192.168.1.9",
"interface": "eth0",
"macaddress": "00:50:56:b7:ad:4d",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.1.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_default_ipv6": {},
"ansible_device_links": {
"ids": {
"dm-0": [
"dm-name-centos-root",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphdG8YqXyGORzhjhEKfnWNefYZ7INpLBHu"
],
"dm-1": [
"dm-name-ceph--2968675b--072a--4a1b--a684--35531a84d574-osd--block--b92fe4bd--4d98--4262--8979--163b08d5d4f0",
"dm-uuid-LVM-Awo4sY1yoYKQMwy8oAVCa18eQXojyMLQnXl9X5ZU5Nz61QM9AdvKqce1v5ZsVswY"
],
"dm-2": [
"dm-name-centos-home",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphw8yDdAeCspNiiOoGCNhj06acS4UEqWP1"
],
"dm-3": [
"dm-name-centos-opt",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphtU00ZEsEuUYUbvynCVkMe7tZBUBbOebM"
],
"sda2": [
"lvm-pv-uuid-Ny6LYs-OXSu-cPNb-dUQ1-kcPp-39B9-jbmO20"
],
"sdb": [
"lvm-pv-uuid-xW7J0n-4atk-MkXU-aslt-b96M-fFbk-ZLZB8n"
],
"sr0": [
"ata-VMware_Virtual_SATA_CDRW_Drive_00000000000000000001"
]
},
"labels": {},
"masters": {
"sda2": [
"dm-0",
"dm-2",
"dm-3"
],
"sdb": [
"dm-1"
]
},
"uuids": {
"dm-0": [
"03898aec-07c2-4cd9-a21f-a8da8c857d12"
],
"dm-2": [
"a635cd7c-d327-4343-95bc-20be4f320c98"
],
"dm-3": [
"8b644eea-a8c6-493c-a1de-6872350348fa"
],
"sda1": [
"5df95799-fa0a-4c3b-babc-c921b333a6d5"
]
}
},
"ansible_devices": {
"dm-0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [
"dm-name-centos-root",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphdG8YqXyGORzhjhEKfnWNefYZ7INpLBHu"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"03898aec-07c2-4cd9-a21f-a8da8c857d12"
]
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "",
"sectors": "125403136",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "59.80 GB",
"support_discard": "512",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"dm-1": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [
"dm-name-ceph--2968675b--072a--4a1b--a684--35531a84d574-osd--block--b92fe4bd--4d98--4262--8979--163b08d5d4f0",
"dm-uuid-LVM-Awo4sY1yoYKQMwy8oAVCa18eQXojyMLQnXl9X5ZU5Nz61QM9AdvKqce1v5ZsVswY"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "",
"sectors": "33546240",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "16.00 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"dm-2": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [
"dm-name-centos-home",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphw8yDdAeCspNiiOoGCNhj06acS4UEqWP1"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"a635cd7c-d327-4343-95bc-20be4f320c98"
]
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "",
"sectors": "41943040",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "20.00 GB",
"support_discard": "512",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"dm-3": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [
"dm-name-centos-opt",
"dm-uuid-LVM-wFwSHjPKUqZd3lzYkdpfx8iRARSurcphtU00ZEsEuUYUbvynCVkMe7tZBUBbOebM"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"8b644eea-a8c6-493c-a1de-6872350348fa"
]
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "",
"sectors": "41943040",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "20.00 GB",
"support_discard": "512",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"fd0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": null,
"partitions": {},
"removable": "1",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "8",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "4.00 KB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": null,
"virtual": 1
},
"sda": {
"holders": [],
"host": "Serial Attached SCSI controller: VMware PVSCSI SCSI Controller (rev 02)",
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "Virtual disk",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": [],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"5df95799-fa0a-4c3b-babc-c921b333a6d5"
]
},
"sectors": "409600",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "200.00 MB",
"start": "2048",
"uuid": "5df95799-fa0a-4c3b-babc-c921b333a6d5"
},
"sda2": {
"holders": [
"centos-root",
"centos-home",
"centos-opt"
],
"links": {
"ids": [
"lvm-pv-uuid-Ny6LYs-OXSu-cPNb-dUQ1-kcPp-39B9-jbmO20"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [
"dm-0",
"dm-2",
"dm-3"
],
"uuids": []
},
"sectors": "209303552",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "99.80 GB",
"start": "411648",
"uuid": null
}
},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "209715200",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "100.00 GB",
"support_discard": "512",
"vendor": "VMware",
"virtual": 1
},
"sdb": {
"holders": [
"ceph--2968675b--072a--4a1b--a684--35531a84d574-osd--block--b92fe4bd--4d98--4262--8979--163b08d5d4f0"
],
"host": "Serial Attached SCSI controller: VMware PVSCSI SCSI Controller (rev 02)",
"links": {
"ids": [
"lvm-pv-uuid-xW7J0n-4atk-MkXU-aslt-b96M-fFbk-ZLZB8n"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [
"dm-1"
],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "Virtual disk",
"partitions": {},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "33554432",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "16.00 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "VMware",
"virtual": 1
},
"sr0": {
"holders": [],
"host": "SATA controller: VMware SATA AHCI controller",
"links": {
"ids": [
"ata-VMware_Virtual_SATA_CDRW_Drive_00000000000000000001"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "VMware SATA CD00",
"partitions": {},
"removable": "1",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "deadline",
"sectors": "2097151",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "1024.00 MB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "NECVMWar",
"virtual": 1
}
},
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
"ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release",
"ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.8",
"ansible_dns": {
"nameservers": [
"114.114.114.114",
"8.8.8.8"
]
},
"ansible_domain": "",
"ansible_effective_group_id": 0,
"ansible_effective_user_id": 0,
"ansible_env": {
"HOME": "/root",
"LANG": "C",
"LC_ALL": "C",
"LC_NUMERIC": "C",
"LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s",
"LOGNAME": "root",
"LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:",
"MAIL": "/var/mail/root",
"PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
"PWD": "/root",
"SHELL": "/bin/bash",
"SHLVL": "2",
"SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.1.71 45218 22",
"SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.1.71 45218 192.168.1.70 22",
"SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/1",
"TERM": "xterm",
"USER": "root",
"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0",
"XDG_SESSION_ID": "3773",
"_": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"ansible_eth0": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth0",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "on",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "on",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.1.70",
"broadcast": "192.168.1.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.1.0"
},
"macaddress": "00:50:56:b7:ad:4d",
"module": "vmxnet3",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:0b:00.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 10000,
"timestamping": [
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_eth1": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth1",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "on",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "on",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"macaddress": "00:50:56:b7:86:9b",
"module": "vmxnet3",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:13:00.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 10000,
"timestamping": [
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],
"ansible_fips": false,
"ansible_form_factor": "Other",
"ansible_fqdn": "70",
"ansible_hostname": "70",
"ansible_hostnqn": "",
"ansible_interfaces": [
"lo",
"eth1",
"eth0"
],
"ansible_is_chroot": false,
"ansible_iscsi_iqn": "",
"ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-1127.18.2.el7.x86_64",
"ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Sun Jul 26 15:27:06 UTC 2020",
"ansible_lo": {
"active": true,
"device": "lo",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "on [fixed]",
"netns_local": "on [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
"vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"broadcast": "host",
"netmask": "255.0.0.0",
"network": "127.0.0.0"
},
"mtu": 65536,
"promisc": false,
"timestamping": [
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "loopback"
},
"ansible_local": {},
"ansible_lsb": {},
"ansible_lvm": {
"lvs": {
"home": {
"size_g": "20.00",
"vg": "centos"
},
"opt": {
"size_g": "20.00",
"vg": "centos"
},
"osd-block-b92fe4bd-4d98-4262-8979-163b08d5d4f0": {
"size_g": "16.00",
"vg": "ceph-2968675b-072a-4a1b-a684-35531a84d574"
},
"root": {
"size_g": "59.80",
"vg": "centos"
}
},
"pvs": {
"/dev/sda2": {
"free_g": "0.00",
"size_g": "99.80",
"vg": "centos"
},
"/dev/sdb": {
"free_g": "0",
"size_g": "16.00",
"vg": "ceph-2968675b-072a-4a1b-a684-35531a84d574"
}
},
"vgs": {
"centos": {
"free_g": "0.00",
"num_lvs": "3",
"num_pvs": "1",
"size_g": "99.80"
},
"ceph-2968675b-072a-4a1b-a684-35531a84d574": {
"free_g": "0",
"num_lvs": "1",
"num_pvs": "1",
"size_g": "16.00"
}
}
},
"ansible_machine": "x86_64",
"ansible_machine_id": "2987881be73840df90a217892b5d3a31",
"ansible_memfree_mb": 3914,
"ansible_memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 5413,
"used": 392
},
"real": {
"free": 3914,
"total": 5805,
"used": 1891
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 0,
"total": 0,
"used": 0
}
},
"ansible_memtotal_mb": 5805,
"ansible_mounts": [
{
"block_available": 5232021,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 5240320,
"block_used": 8299,
"device": "/dev/mapper/centos-home",
"fstype": "xfs",
"inode_available": 10485709,
"inode_total": 10485760,
"inode_used": 51,
"mount": "/home",
"options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
"size_available": 21430358016,
"size_total": 21464350720,
"uuid": "a635cd7c-d327-4343-95bc-20be4f320c98"
},
{
"block_available": 783,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 50345,
"block_used": 49562,
"device": "/dev/sda1",
"fstype": "xfs",
"inode_available": 6435,
"inode_total": 6776,
"inode_used": 341,
"mount": "/boot",
"options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
"size_available": 3207168,
"size_total": 206213120,
"uuid": "5df95799-fa0a-4c3b-babc-c921b333a6d5"
},
{
"block_available": 14711559,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 15667738,
"block_used": 956179,
"device": "/dev/mapper/centos-root",
"fstype": "xfs",
"inode_available": 31285667,
"inode_total": 31350784,
"inode_used": 65117,
"mount": "/",
"options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
"size_available": 60258545664,
"size_total": 64175054848,
"uuid": "03898aec-07c2-4cd9-a21f-a8da8c857d12"
},
{
"block_available": 0,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 0,
"block_used": 0,
"device": "/etc/auto.nfs",
"fstype": "autofs",
"inode_available": 0,
"inode_total": 0,
"inode_used": 0,
"mount": "/nas",
"options": "rw,relatime,fd=17,pgrp=1224,timeout=60,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=29960",
"size_available": 0,
"size_total": 0,
"uuid": "N/A"
},
{
"block_available": 5232051,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 5240320,
"block_used": 8269,
"device": "/dev/mapper/centos-opt",
"fstype": "xfs",
"inode_available": 10485747,
"inode_total": 10485760,
"inode_used": 13,
"mount": "/opt",
"options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
"size_available": 21430480896,
"size_total": 21464350720,
"uuid": "8b644eea-a8c6-493c-a1de-6872350348fa"
},
{
"block_available": 0,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 0,
"block_used": 0,
"device": "/etc/auto.misc",
"fstype": "autofs",
"inode_available": 0,
"inode_total": 0,
"inode_used": 0,
"mount": "/misc",
"options": "rw,relatime,fd=5,pgrp=1224,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=29103",
"size_available": 0,
"size_total": 0,
"uuid": "N/A"
}
],
"ansible_nodename": "70",
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum",
"ansible_proc_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.18.2.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"biosdevname": "0",
"crashkernel": "auto",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"quiet": true,
"rd.lvm.lv": "centos/root",
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root"
},
"ansible_processor": [
"0",
"GenuineIntel",
"Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v4 @ 2.40GHz",
"1",
"GenuineIntel",
"Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v4 @ 2.40GHz"
],
"ansible_processor_cores": 1,
"ansible_processor_count": 2,
"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 2,
"ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform",
"ansible_product_serial": "VMware-42 37 7d 76 da 3a 3c 35-b0 98 cd c1 b1 c7 45 6c",
"ansible_product_uuid": "767D3742-3ADA-353C-B098-CDC1B1C7456C",
"ansible_product_version": "None",
"ansible_python": {
"executable": "/usr/bin/python",
"has_sslcontext": true,
"type": "CPython",
"version": {
"major": 2,
"micro": 5,
"minor": 7,
"releaselevel": "final",
"serial": 0
},
"version_info": [
2,
7,
5,
"final",
0
]
},
"ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",
"ansible_real_group_id": 0,
"ansible_real_user_id": 0,
"ansible_selinux": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_selinux_python_present": true,
"ansible_service_mgr": "systemd",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBMVR+t8GxxbwQGBy4DUA1/nEzdslI1nMSezDzLn56SdoAZ6oxJceFTiXuwGeTcFneXxYWhCu3KoSYaJ2dCr5L90=",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIKQkRbP/HAZvTZnO0nokggBV9fD5KdWC7B72+d5ZNBLz",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDPZbl6hL0f/4n4es3Pvn9mdJ4VObvmaAojLa8Iu0exs3/HZE2aCERIosxJJUJbzJCb6d5/6ynjG0E4UpEsd7HRVX4ewdIs/1NdYeUp0DrGXrnjN2+1ZS2B4HNWLOs8SPXOdbHS1dlC8iNIvr9rX0taTnn2AibHpd3wD3KzoId3Hgd7Rc5/PpUgvslG5+zgRBuIjfCifmcj6dSczfJlBlKIXaQxvhZ6u1TU6nS0dWkFY+cFaTzNAiGLTix1LH30YMqHaavT4J05JkzRT6BU70Bxaae91oVxjvhSgB4+/X2UGMT/1ymhHiC9nHUwt4fKpuYUWu3LQsKypMBg6N1NEhQ5",
"ansible_swapfree_mb": 0,
"ansible_swaptotal_mb": 0,
"ansible_system": "Linux",
"ansible_system_capabilities": [
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap",
"cap_mac_override",
"cap_mac_admin",
"cap_syslog",
"35",
"36+ep"
],
"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
"ansible_uptime_seconds": 949193,
"ansible_user_dir": "/root",
"ansible_user_gecos": "root",
"ansible_user_gid": 0,
"ansible_user_id": "root",
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"ansible_user_uid": 0,
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
"ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python",
"gather_subset": [
"all"
],
"module_setup": true
},
"changed": false
}
返回信息如上，是一个json格式的字符串，为了方便你阅读，ansible已经将格式化后的json信息返回到了控制台中，返回的信息很全面，比如：
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"表示远程主机中的所有ipv4地址，从其对应的值可以看出，test70主机上一共有4个ipv4地址。
"ansible_distribution"表示远程主机的系统发行版，从其对应的值可以看出test70主机的系统发行版为centos
"ansible_distribution_version"表示远程主机的系统版本号，从其对应的值与 "ansible_distribution" 的值可以看出test70主机的系统版本为centos7.4
"ansible_ens35"表示远程主机ens35网卡的相关信息，细心如你一定也发现了，我还有两个名为"ens33"和"ens34"的网卡，只不过为了方便示例，这两个网卡的信息被我省略了。
"ansible_memory_mb"表示远程主机的内存配置信息。
返回的信息的确很多，很全面，但是，并不是每一次我们都需要看这么多信息，如果你只是想查看某一类信息，你可以通过关键字对信息进行过滤，比如，我只是想要查看远程主机的内存配置信息，那么我可以使用如下命令
上述命令表示通过"ansible_memory_mb"关键字对返回信息进行过滤，如你所见，通过setup模块的filter参数可以指定需要过滤的关键字，这样ansible就只会将"ansible_memory_mb"的相关信息返回，返回如下
[root@node1 ansible]# ansible test70 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'
test70 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 5413,
"used": 392
},
"real": {
"free": 3914,
"total": 5805,
"used": 1891
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 0,
"total": 0,
"used": 0
}
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
这样就精简很多了，因为精准的返回了你需要的信息，我知道，有的朋友可能跟我一样，记性不好，所以通常记不住准确的关键字，所以我们可以使用通配符，进行相对模糊的过滤，示例如下
ansible test70 -m setup -a "filter=*mb*"
上述命令表示返回所有包含mb的关键字对应的信息
其实，除了这些信息以外，我们还能够在远程主机中写入一些自定义的信息，这些自定义信息也可以被setup模块收集到。
那么，我们应该在哪里定义这些信息呢？该怎样定义这些信息呢？ansible默认会去目标主机的/etc/ansible/facts.d目录下查找主机中的自定义信息，并且规定，自定义信息需要写在以".fact"为后缀的文件中，同时，这些以".fact"为后缀的文件中的内容需要是INI格式或者是json格式的。
那么，我们来创建一个测试文件，测试文件路径为test70主机的/etc/ansible/facts.d/testinfo.fact，在文件中写入如下INI格式的信息。
[root@70 facts.d]# cat /etc/ansible/facts.d/testinfo.fact [testmsg] msg1=This is the first custom test message msg2=This is the second custom test message
如上所示，上述内容是一段INI风格的内容，我在"[testmsg]"配置段中配置了两条自定义信息，msg1与msg2。
当然，我们也可以使用json格式进行配置，比如在/etc/ansible/facts.d/testinfo.fact文件中写入如下配置，如下配置与上述配置的效果是相同的，只是书写格式不同。
{
"testmsg":{
"msg1":"This is the first custom test message",
"msg2":"This is the second custom test message"
}
}
通过上述方式，我们可以在目标主机的本地自定义信息，这些在远程主机本地自定义的信息被称为"local facts"，当我们运行setup模块时，远程主机的"local facts"信息也会被收集，我们可以通过"ansible_local"关键字过滤远程主机的"local facts"信息，示例命令如下
ansible test70 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_local'
上述命令返回的信息如下
test70 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_local": {
"testinfo": {
"testmsg": {
"msg1": "This is the first custom test message",
"msg2": "This is the second custom test message"
}
}
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
之前说过，当setup收集远程主机的"local facts"时，默认会查找远程主机的/etc/ansible/facts.d目录，如果你把"local facts"信息文件放在了其他自定义路径，在使用setup模块时，需要使用"fact_path"参数指定对应的路径，假设，我把".fact"文件放在了目标主机的"/testdir"目录下，示例命令如下
ansible test70 -m setup -a 'fact_path=/testdir'
其实，setup模块返回的这些信息都存在了对应的变量中，我们可以通过引用变量从而使用对应的信息，但是别急，我们先来了解一下另外一个模块，这个模块叫"debug模块"。
见名知义，debug模块的作用就是帮助我们进行调试的，debug模块可以帮助我们把信息输出到ansible控制台上，以便我们能够定位问题。
那么我们先来看一个debug模块的playbook小示例，如下
[root@node1 ansible]# cat test4.yml
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: touch testfile
file:
path: /testdir/testfile
state: touch
- name: debug demo
debug:
msg: this is debug info,The test file has been touched
上例中，我们先在test70主机上touch了对应的文件，然后，利用debug模块在控制台中输出了我们想要显示的信息，如你所见，debug模块的msg参数可以指定我们想要输出的信息，上述playbook表示touch完对应的文件以后，在ansible控制台中输出我们指定的信息，那么我们运行一下这个测试剧本，看一下效果，如下
如图所示，自定义信息已经输出在ansible控制台中。
debug模块除了能够使用msg参数输出自定义的信息，还能够直接输出变量中的信息，通过debug模块直接输出变量信息需要使用var参数，示例如下
[root@node1 ansible]# cat test5.yml
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
vars:
testvar: value of test variable
tasks:
- name: debug demo
debug:
var: testvar
上例虽然连接到了test70远程主机，但是并没有对test70做任何操作，只是在playbook中定义了一个变量，并且通过debug的var参数输出了这个变量的内容，只是为了单纯的演示debug模块的var参数的使用方法，上述playbook的执行效果如下
变量的名称以及变量的值都输出到了屏幕上，这个功能可以帮助我们调试playbook中变量，让我们了解变量的值是否符合我们的要求。
当然，使用debug的msg参数时也可以引用变量的值，这样我们自定义的信息就更加灵活了，示例如下。
[root@node1 ansible]# cat test6.yml
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
vars:
testvar: testv
tasks:
- name: debug demo
debug:
msg: "value of testvar is :{{testvar}}"
上例中的msg自定义信息中引用了testvar变量的值
注：上例中msg的值需要使用引号引起，因为{{testvar}}变量前包含"冒号"，如果不使用引号会报语法错误。
上例输出效果如下
setup模块与debug模块了解完了，现在绕回一开始的话题，playbook在运行时默认都会运行"[Gathering Facts]"任务，"[Gathering Facts]"任务会收集远程主机的相关信息，这些信息会保存在对应的变量中，我们在playbook中可以使用这些变量，从而利用这些信息，那么我们怎样在playbook获取到这些变量的值呢？在setup模块的示例中，我们可以通过"ansible_memory_mb"关键字获取远程主机的内存信息，其实，"ansible_memory_mb"就是一个变量名，换句话说就是，我们可以在playbook中直接引用名为"ansible_memory_mb"的变量，从而获取到远程主机的内存信息，示例如下
[root@node1 ansible]# cat test7.yml
---
- hosts: test70
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: debug demo
debug:
msg: "Remote host memory information is :{{ansible_memory_mb}}"
上例执行效果如下
如图所示，我们自定义的信息中包含了远程主机的内存信息，同时被输出了，只是格式上没有手动执行setup模块返回的信息格式易读，手动执行setup模块获取到的内存信息返回如下
[root@node1 ansible]# !1021
ansible test70 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'
test70 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 5410,
"used": 395
},
"real": {
"free": 3911,
"total": 5805,
"used": 1894
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 0,
"total": 0,
"used": 0
}
},
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false
}
如上述返回信息所示，"ansible_memory_mb"中其实包含了 "nocache"、"real"、 "swap"三个部分的信息，如果我们只想获得"real"部分的信息，在playbook中引用变量时可以使用如下两种语法。
语法一示例：
debug:
msg: "Remote host memory information : {{ansible_memory_mb.real}}"
语法二示例：
debug:
msg: "Remote host memory information : {{ansible_memory_mb['real']}}"
上述两种语法前文中已经进行过示例，此处不再赘述。
其实，这些远程主机的变量信息不仅仅能够用于输出，我们通常会获取到这些信息以后，对这些信息的值进行判断，判断是否符合我们的要求，然后再执行下一步动作，比如，先获取到远程主机的系统发行版信息，然后判断发行版是centos6还是centos7，如果是centos6，我们就将准备好的A文件拷贝到远程主机中，如果是centos7，我们就将准备好的B文件拷贝到远程主机中，不过由于我们还没有总结条件判断的相关使用方法，所以此处就不进行示例了。