• Leet Code OJ 338. Counting Bits [Difficulty: Medium]


    题目:
    Given a non negative integer number num. For every numbers i in the range 0 ≤ i ≤ num calculate the number of 1’s in their binary representation and return them as an array.
    Example:
    For num = 5 you should return [0,1,1,2,1,2].
    Follow up:
    It is very easy to come up with a solution with run time O(n*sizeof(integer)). But can you do it in linear time O(n) /possibly in a single pass?


    Space complexity should be O(n).
    Can you do it like a boss? Do it without using any builtin function like __builtin_popcount in c++ or in any other language.
    Hint:
    You should make use of what you have produced already.

    翻译:
    给定一个非负整数num,对于每一个0<=i<=num的整数i。计算i的二进制表示中1的个数,返回这些个数作为一个数组。
    比如。输入num = 5 你应该返回 [0,1,1,2,1,2].

    分析:
    依照常规思路,非常容易得出“Java代码2”的方案。可是这个方法的时间复杂度是O(nlogn)。
    通过对数组的前64个元素进行分析(num=63),我们发现数组呈现一定的规律,不断重复。例如以下图所看到的:

    0 
    1 
    1 2 
    1 2 2 3 
    1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 
    1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 
    1 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 4 5 5 6 

    由此我们发现0112是一个基础元素。不断循环重复。能够推论:假设已知第一个元素是result[0],那么第二第三个元素为result[0]+1,第四个元素为result[0]+2,由此获得前4个元素result[0]~result[3]。以这4个元素为基础。我们能够得到
    result[4]=result[0]+1,result[5]=result[1]+1…。
    result[8]=result[0]+1,result[9]=result[1]+1… ,
    result[12]=result[0]+2,result[13]=result[1]+2…;
    以此类推能够获得所有的数组。

    Java版代码1:

    public class Solution {
        public int[] countBits(int num) {
            int[] result = new int[num + 1];
            int range = 1;
            result[0] = 0;
            boolean stop = false;
            while (!stop) {
                stop = fillNum(result, range);
                range *= 4;
            }
            return result;
        }
    
        public boolean fillNum(int[] nums, int range) {
            for (int i = 0; i < range; i++) {
                if (range + i < nums.length) {
                    nums[range + i] = nums[i] + 1;
                } else {
                    return true;
                }
                if (2 * range + i < nums.length) {
                    nums[2 * range + i] = nums[i] + 1;
                }
                if (3 * range + i < nums.length) {
                    nums[3 * range + i] = nums[i] + 2;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    Java版代码2:

    public class Solution {
        public int[] countBits(int num) {
            int[] result=new int[num+1];
            result[0]=0;
            for(int i=1;i<=num;i++){
                result[i]=getCount(i);
            }
            return result;
        }
        public int getCount(int num){
            int count=0;
            while(num!=0){
                if((num&1)==1){
                    count++;
                }
                num/=2;
            }
            return count;
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mfmdaoyou/p/7236085.html
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