• Varnish+nginx+mysql+php 环境搭建(三) 转载(lamppr)


    四、优化Linux内核参数

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf

    在末尾增加以下内容:

    引用
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 555-55550

    使配置立即生效:

    /sbin/sysctl -p

    ———————————————————————————————————————–

    附:最近经常搞lighttpd+fastcgi+php或者nginx+fastcgi+php,时常被php的“No input file specified.”给郁闷了,把我遇到的情况说一下

    首先php.ini的配置中
    cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
    doc_root=

    doc_root曾经被我设置过一个路径,结果php老提示“No input file specified.”,只有一个虚拟机好使。改掉后就正常了。

    nginx中的配置有些麻烦

    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:1234;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;

    每个虚机要根据自己不通的虚机设置不能的目录,要保证这个路径正确。
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;不能在fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:1234;的前面。

    记得修改了php.ini要重启fastcgi服务。

    其实都是因为粗心造成的,本来很简单,写出来也给自己提个醒

    —————————————————————————————————————————

    四.)安装Varnish

    今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

    在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
    1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
    2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,顺便说一句,Varnish的性能的发挥关键在于Varnish配置文档的优化.
    3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的
    4. 还有一点,应该算是Varnish的缺点了吧,就是Varnish的缓存基本上在内存中,如果Varnish进程停止再启动,Varnish就会重新访问 后端Web服务器,再一次进行缓存.虽然Squid性能没有Varnish高,但它停止、重启的时候,可以直接先从磁盘读取缓存数据。

    varnish是一款高性能的开源HTTP加速器,挪威最大的在线报纸 Verdens Gang (http://www.vg.no) 使用3台Varnish代替了原来的12台squid,性能比以前更好。

    varnish的作者Poul-Henning Kamp是FreeBSD的内核开发者之一,他认为现在的计算机比起1975年已经复杂许多。在1975年时,储存媒介只有两种:内存与硬盘。但现在计算 机系统的内存除了主存外,还包括了cpu内的L1、L2,甚至有L3快取。硬盘上也有自己的快取装置,因此squid cache自行处理物件替换的架构不可能得知这些情况而做到最佳化,但操作系统可以得知这些情况,所以这部份的工作应该交给操作系统处理,这就是 Varnish cache设计架构.
    nginx5
    ——————————————————————————————————————

    1.编译安装varnish:

    下载源码包链接: wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/varnish/varnish-1.1.1.tar.gz

    附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#cd varnish-1.1.2
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/varnish –enable-debugging-symbols –enable-developer-warnings –enable-dependency-tracking
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#make && make install

    2.创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):

    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#/usr/sbin/groupadd www
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#mkdir -p /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#chmod +w /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#chown -R www:www /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/

    3.创建Varnish日志目录(/usr/local/varnish/logs):

    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#mkdir -p /usr/local/varnish/logs
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#chmod +w /usr/local/varnish/logs
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#chown -R www:www /usr/local/varnish/logs
    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#touch /usr/local/varnish/logs/varnish.log

    4.创建Varnish配置文件:

    [xxxxx@xxxxx.com]#vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

    backend myblogserver {
    set backend.host = “192.168.0.1″;
    set backend.port = “80″;
    }

    acl purge {
    “localhost”;
    “127.0.0.1″;
    “192.168.0.0″/24;
    “192.168.1.0″/24;
    }

    sub vcl_recv {
    if (req.request == “PURGE”) {
    if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
    error 405 “Not allowed.”;
    }
    lookup;
    }

    if (req.http.host ~ “^www.test.com”) {
    set req.backend = myblogserver;
    if (req.request != “GET” && req.request != “HEAD”) {
    pipe;
    }
    else {
    lookup;
    }
    }
    else {
    error 404 “Zhang Quan Sheng Cache Server”;
    lookup;
    }
    }

    sub vcl_hit {
    if (req.request == “PURGE”) {
    set obj.ttl = 0s;
    error 200 “Purged.”;
    }
    }

    sub vcl_miss {
    if (req.request == “PURGE”) {
    error 404 “Not in cache.”;
    }
    }

    sub vcl_fetch {
    if (req.request == “GET” && req.url ~ “\.(txt|js)$”) {
    set obj.ttl = 3600s;
    }
    else {
    set obj.ttl = 30d;
    }
    }

    这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
    (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.1,端口为80的web服务器;
    (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
    (3)、Varnish对域名为www.test.com的请求进行处理,非www.test.com域名的请求则返回”Zhang Quan Sheng Cache Server”;
    (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
    (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

    ————————————————————————————————————————-

    5、启动Varnish

    ulimit -SHn 51200l
    /usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file, /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on

    6.启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/ -w /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/varnish.log &

    7.配置开机自动启动Varnish

    vi /etc/rc.local

    ulimit -SHn 51200l
    /usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file, /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/ -w /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/varnish.log &

    8.优化Linux内核参数

    vi /etc/sysctl.conf
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 555-55550

    —————————————————————————————————————————

    再看看如何管理Varnish:
    1.查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

    nginx66

    2.通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
    用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

    Available commands:
    ping [timestamp]
    status
    start
    stop
    stats
    vcl.load
    vcl.inline
    vcl.use
    vcl.discard
    vcl.list
    vcl.show
    param.show [-l] []
    param.set
    help [command]
    url.purge
    dump.pool

    3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
    (1)、例:清除类似http://www.k18.com/a/quansheng.html的URL地址):

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

    (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.s135.com/tech的URL地址:

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

    (3)、例:清除所有缓存:

    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$

    4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):

    <?php
    function purge($ip, $url)
    {
    $errstr = ”;
    $errno = ”;
    $fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2);
    if (!$fp)
    {
    return false;
    }
    else
    {
    $out = “PURGE $url HTTP/1.1\r\n”;
    $out .= “Host:blog.s135.com\r\n”;
    $out .= “Connection: close\r\n\r\n”;
    fputs ($fp, $out);
    $out = fgets($fp , 4096);
    fclose ($fp);
    return true;
    }
    }

    purge(”192.168.0.4″, “/index.php”);
    ?>

    附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/cutlog.sh):
    /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:

    #!/bin/sh
    # This file run at 00:00
    date=$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y-%m-%d”)
    pkill -9 varnishncsa
    mv /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/youvideo.log /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/${date}.log
    /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/ -w /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/youvideo.log &
    mkdir -p /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/youvideo/
    gzip -c /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/${date}.log > /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/${date}.log.gz
    rm -f /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/${date}.log
    rm -f /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/youvideo/$(date -d “-1 month” +”%Y-%m*”).log.gz

    设置在每天00:00定时执行:

    /usr/bin/crontab -e
    或者
    vi /var/spool/cron/root
    输入以下内容:
    引用
    0 0 * * * /bin/sh /usr/local/varnish/var/varnish/cutlog.sh

    ————————————————————————————————————————–

    附3.TCP连接数Varnish要比Squid少,因为Varnish的TCP连接释放要比Squid快。

    但同时处理的请求数Varnish要比Squid高一些,一台Varnish、另一台Squid,分给它们的连接
    数相同,Varnish实时处理的请求数比Squid多1倍,平均处理的请求数也比Squid多100余个:

    /usr/local/webserver/varnish/bin/varnishstat
    ———————————————————–
    555-5555 580.97 356.55 Client requests received
    555-5555 580.97 356.14 Cache hits

    /usr/local/squid/bin/squidclient -p 80 mgr:5min
    ———————————————————–
    client_http.requests =555-555564/sec
    client_http.hits =555-555582/sec

    如果正常的话,vcache这个目录里只有一个大小为1G的文件:varnish_cache.data

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mashuaimama/p/2441996.html
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