转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/jsonhc/p/7809571.html
首先从https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/拉取官方镜像，如果速度缓慢，建议添加国内加速
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest 5709795eeffa 4 days ago 408MB
查看如何使用mysql镜像启动一个container：
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
-e：设置环境变量
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD这个变量是强制性的，需要指定密码，如果没有设置此变量的值，那么创建container不会成功
MYSQL_USER：为MySQL服务创建一个用户（可选变量）
MYSQL_PASSWORD：为创建的用户给定密码（可选变量，与上面变量连用）
MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD：指定允许mysql使用空密码（针对的是MySQL服务的root用户的密码）
MYSQL_DATABASE：为MySQL中创建库，指定库名称
更多其他变量查看：https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/
[root@docker ~]# docker run --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -d mysql [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@c240bb45b889:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
指定可以使用空密码，然后不设置root密码：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=yes mysql 9c9b61491d9c5f035a32c3ccbe8832ac025676051cc6513159d7bd7cec327d6e [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9c9b61491d9c mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 3306/tcp mysql
然后登录到mysql中：
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@9c9b61491d9c:/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
映射端口到本机host，然后进行-h host进行登录：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat mysql 19c8d047c38d445ca114433ef13f56921106b582e563d5763da61c5c8f48e898 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 19c8d047c38d mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
使用mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.101.14进行登录：
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@19c8d047c38d:/# mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.101.14 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
启动容器时，挂载映射数据库数据目录：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql a6f5ff4550fb13ae767cc1e1e37e344c33f90592dc19b2d2ddc80c5e6b842bf1 [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a6f5ff4550fb mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
查看映射到本机host的数据目录：
[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/ total 188484 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 56 Nov 9 14:58 auto.cnf -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 ca.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 client-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1675 Nov 9 14:58 client-key.pem -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1321 Nov 9 14:58 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 79691776 Nov 9 14:58 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 14:58 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 14:58 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 14:58 ibtmp1 drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 4096 Nov 9 14:58 mysql drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 14:58 performance_schema -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 private_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 451 Nov 9 14:58 public_key.pem -rw-r--r--. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1107 Nov 9 14:58 server-cert.pem -rw-------. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 1679 Nov 9 14:58 server-key.pem drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 14:58 sys
当启动容器时，给MySQL服务创建一个数据库wordpress，创建一个用户wordpress，并指定密码wordpress：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress -e MYSQL_USER=wordpress -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress mysql 4ec8d2d23af884a90aed4e8f5ffd81a7beaa7a3e65065dfdaba49056880d985a [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4ec8d2d23af8 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
验证创建的结果：
root@b5f97b989c51:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user from mysql.user; +-----------+ | user | +-----------+ | root | | wordpress | | mysql.sys | | root | +-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
当这次创建的时候，必须先将上次创建的数据目录进行删除掉，因为如果不删除的话，还是上次创建container时的那次的数据
根据上面的一些操作可以明显的了解到，利用官方镜像启动容器然后执行sql必须麻烦，所以为了需求需要将镜像进行自定义扩容，能够在官方镜像上执行sql等其他需求
[root@docker mysql]# tree . ├── business.sql ├── Dockerfile ├── mysqld.cnf └── setup.sh
查看Dockerfile文件：
[root@docker mysql]# cat Dockerfile FROM mysql MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf COPY business.sql /root/business.sql COPY setup.sh /root/setup.sh RUN chmod +x /root/setup.sh EXPOSE 3306 ENTRYPOINT ["/root/setup.sh"]
Dockerfile中基于官方MySQL镜像，目前是MySQL5.7的版本，所以MySQL软件不需要进行安装，根据上一篇自定义构建MySQL的原理，可以知道在MySQL服务安装好的情况下
编写shell脚本重新将MySQL服务进行初始化，然后在启动和关闭数据库服务起降执行所需要的sql，最后前台执行MySQL进程就行
在最开始有一个ENV MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD yes环境变量的设置，这是由于官方的MySQL镜像必须进行二选一进行root用户的密码要求
于是Dockerfile就是将需要执行的sql和shell脚本以及配置文件进行了copy
查看setup.sh这个shell脚本：
[root@docker mysql]# cat setup.sh
#!/bin/sh
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
#mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql > /dev/null
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql > /dev/null
mysqld --user=mysql &
sleep 5
mysql < /root/business.sql
sleep 5
ps -wef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
mysqld --user=mysql
由于MySQL5.6和MySQL5.7初始化的过程不一样，默认情况下MySQL5.7初始化会生成一个root用户的随机密码，可以使用--initialize-insecure进行初始化使root用户
的密码为空，达到初始化的目的
查看business.sql
[root@docker mysql]# cat business.sql
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
create database wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
USE mysql;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("root") WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
查看配置文件
[root@docker mysql]# cat mysqld.cnf [mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # By default we only accept connections from localhost bind-address = 0.0.0.0
COPY mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf这是官方配置文件的所在地
最后进行构建：
[root@docker mysql]# docker build -t mysql:v1 .
[root@docker mysql]# docker run -d --name=mysql -p3306:3306 -v /data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql mysql:v1 9a7509d3f48eba1a67ec690db652c5b73cbcc88c96ff871701c0ef7becc3ecc4 [root@docker mysql]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9a7509d3f48e mysql:v1 "/root/setup.sh" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql
验证business.sql的内容：
[root@docker mysql]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash root@9a7509d3f48e:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
映射并挂载到本机host的数据目录：（挂载之前删掉/data/mysql，避免遗留的是上次挂载的数据）
[root@docker ~]# ll /data/mysql/ total 122916 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 56 Nov 9 15:22 auto.cnf -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 419 Nov 9 15:22 ib_buffer_pool -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 15:22 ibdata1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 15:22 ib_logfile0 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 50331648 Nov 9 15:22 ib_logfile1 -rw-r-----. 1 systemd-bus-proxy input 12582912 Nov 9 15:22 ibtmp1 drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 4096 Nov 9 15:22 mysql drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 15:22 performance_schema drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 8192 Nov 9 15:22 sys drwxr-x---. 2 systemd-bus-proxy input 20 Nov 9 15:22 wordpress
配置文件和sql语句都可以根据业务进行替换，然后在MySQL镜像的基础上进行构建
该构建项目在GitHub：https://github.com/jsonhc/docker_project/tree/master/docker_dockerfile/mysql