• 使用CommandLineRunner或ApplicationRunner接口创建bean


    在spring boot应用中,我们可以在程序启动之前执行任何任务。为了达到这个目的,我们需要使用CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner接口创建bean,spring boot会自动监测到它们。这两个接口都有一个run()方法,在实现接口时需要覆盖该方法,并使用@Component注解使其成为bean。CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner的作用是相同的。不同之处在于CommandLineRunner接口的run()方法接收String数组作为参数,而ApplicationRunner接口的run()方法接收ApplicationArguments对象作为参数。当程序启动时,我们传给main()方法的参数可以被实现CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner接口的类的run()方法访问。我们可以创建多个实现CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner接口的类。为了使他们按一定顺序执行,可以使用@Order注解或实现Ordered接口。

    CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner接口的run()方法在SpringApplication完成启动时执行。启动完成之后,应用开始运行。CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner的作用是在程序开始运行前执行任务或记录信息。

    下面展示了如何在程序中使用CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner

    Maven配置

    pom.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <groupId>com.concretepage</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-demo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
        <name>spring-demo</name>
        <description>Spring Boot Demo Project</description>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies> 
        <build>
            <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project> 
    

    CommandLineRunner

    CommandLineRunner是个接口,有一个run()方法。为了使用CommandLineRunner我们需要创建一个类实现该接口并覆盖run()方法。使用@Component注解实现类。当SpringApplication.run()启动spring boot程序时,启动完成之前,CommandLineRunner.run()会被执行。CommandLineRunnerrun()方法接收启动服务时传过来的参数。

    run(String... args)
    

    参数为String数组。

    CommandLineRunnerBean.java

    package com.concretepage.bean;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean implements CommandLineRunner {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CommandLineRunnerBean.class);  
        public void run(String... args) {
            String strArgs = Arrays.stream(args).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
            logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
        }
    } 
    

    MyApplication.java

    package com.concretepage;
    
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
    import com.concretepage.service.HelloService;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MyApplication {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyApplication.class);
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
            HelloService service =  context.getBean(HelloService.class);
            logger.info(service.getMessage());
            }       
    } 
    

    我们也可以创建一个service。一旦Spring boot启动完成service就会执行。这意味着SpringApplication.run()执行完成后service的方法就会执行。
    HelloService.java

    package com.concretepage.service;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class HelloService {
        public String getMessage(){
            return "Hello World!";
        }
    }
    

    现在使用带有参数的可执行jar运行程序。spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar为生成的jar文件。执行命令如下:

    java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3 
    

    输出结果为:

    2017-03-19 13:38:38.909  INFO 1036 --- [           main] c.c.bean.CommandLineRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
    2017-03-19 13:38:38.914  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.398 seconds (JVM running for 1.82)
    2017-03-19 13:38:38.915  INFO 1036 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 
    

    ApplicationRunner

    ApplicationRunnerCommandLineRunner的作用相同。在SpringApplication.run()完成spring boot启动之前,ApplicationRunnerrun()方法会被执行。

    run(ApplicationArguments args) 
    

    可以看到,CommandLineRunner.run()接收String数组作为参数,而ApplicationRunner.run()接收ApplicationArguments作为参数。这些参数是启动spring boot程序时传给main()方法的。

    ApplicationRunnerBean.java

    package com.concretepage.bean;
    
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Component
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean implements ApplicationRunner {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationRunnerBean.class);  
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
                String strArgs = Arrays.stream(arg0.getSourceArgs()).collect(Collectors.joining("|"));
                logger.info("Application started with arguments:" + strArgs);
        }
    } 
    

    创建可执行jar包并使用如下参数运行:

    java -jar spring-boot-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar data1 data2 data3 
    

    输出结果为:

    2017-03-19 16:26:06.952  INFO 5004 --- [           main] c.c.bean.ApplicationRunnerBean           : Application started with arguments:data1|data2|data3
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.956  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Started MyApplication in 1.334 seconds (JVM running for 1.797)
    2017-03-19 16:26:06.957  INFO 5004 --- [           main] com.concretepage.MyApplication           : Hello World! 
    

    CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner的执行顺序

    在spring boot程序中,我们可以使用不止一个实现CommandLineRunnerApplicationRunner的bean。为了有序执行这些bean的run()方法,可以使用@Order注解或Ordered接口。例子中我们创建了两个实现CommandLineRunner接口的bean和两个实现ApplicationRunner接口的bean。我们使用@Order注解按顺序执行这四个bean。

    CommandLineRunnerBean1.java

    @Component
    @Order(1)
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean1 implements CommandLineRunner {
        public void run(String... args) {
            System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 1");
        }
    }
    

    ApplicationRunnerBean1.java

    @Component
    @Order(2)
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean1 implements ApplicationRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 1");
        }
    }
    

    CommandLineRunnerBean2.java

    @Component
    @Order(3)
    public class CommandLineRunnerBean2 implements CommandLineRunner {
        public void run(String... args) {
            System.out.println("CommandLineRunnerBean 2");
        }
    }
    

    ApplicationRunnerBean2.java

    @Component
    @Order(4)
    public class ApplicationRunnerBean2 implements ApplicationRunner {
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments arg0) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("ApplicationRunnerBean 2");
        }
    } 
    

    输出结果为:

    CommandLineRunnerBean 1
    ApplicationRunnerBean 1
    CommandLineRunnerBean 2
    ApplicationRunnerBean 2 


    作者:Java_Explorer
    链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/de7b0e124248
    來源:简书
    简书著作权归作者所有,任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/maohuidong/p/10032810.html
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