DataGuard与异构平台

DataGuard对主备库异构平台的支持一直是让很多人纠结的问题，我们在学习Oracle数据卫士时必要优先阅读的官方文档是<Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration 10g Release 2>，在这个文档中给出了极为苛刻的硬件环境限制条件:

All members of a Data Guard configuration must run an Oracle image that is built for the same platform.

For example, this means a Data Guard configuration with a primary database on a 32-bit Linux on Intel system
can have a standby database that is configured on a 32-bit Linux on Intel system. However, a primary database
on a 64-bit HP-UX system can also be configured with a standby database on a 32-bit HP-UX system,
as long as both servers are running 32-bit images.

以上主要提出了2点要求：即平台(platform)和字长(word size)都必须一致，注意这里不管是physical standby还是logical standby都要求遵守。 官方文档这样撰写的原因是Oracle并不推荐用户在异构平台上搭建DataGuard，如果有用户大量地部署异构平台上的DataGuard可能给后续的服务和支持带来麻烦；所以除非是找不到其他可用的硬件了，否则不推荐采用异构平台搭建的DataGuard环境来提供高可用性。 实际情况是在10g中已经有少数几个异构平台组合可以兼容physical standby或logical standby，而在11g中更增加了对physical standby支持的几种异构平台组合(As of Oracle Database 11g Data Guard provides increased flexibility for Data Guard configurations in which the primary and standby systems may have different CPU architectures, operating systems (for example, Windows & Linux), operating system binaries (32-bit/64-bit), or Oracle database binaries (32-bit/64-bit). For specific information about mixed-platform support, see the My Oracle Support note 413484.1)。 具体10g/11g DataGuard可以利用的异构平台组合，见下列图表:

10g	Physical Standby	Logical Standby
Heterogeneous Support	No	Win<->Linux Only
Different Word-size (32 / 64 bit)	Win32<->Win64 Linux32<->Linux64	Win32->Win64   Linux32->Linux64 (1 way only)
Heterogeneous AND Word-size	No	No

 

11g	Physical Standby	Logical Standby
Heterogeneous Support	Win<-->Linux Solaris <-->AIX Solaris<-->Linux	Win<->Linux Only
Different Word-size (32 / 64 bit)	Win32<->Win64 Linux32<->Linux64	Win32->Win64 Linux32->Linux64 (1 way only)
Heterogeneous AND Word-size	Win32<->Linux64	Win32->Linux64 (1 way only)

  而在metalink文档<Data Guard Support for Heterogeneous Primary and Physical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 413484.1]>和<Data Guard Support for Heterogeneous Primary and Logical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 1085687.1]>中列出了更为详尽的平台间的兼容信息，在这里一并引用: Physical Standbys In addition to general support when using the same Oracle platform, Data Guard Redo Apply (physical standby) can support specific mixed Oracle Platform combinations.  Oracle Platform IDs, platform names, and which combinations of platform ID(s) that can be combined to form a supported Data Guard configuration using Redo Apply are listed in the table below.  Platform combinations not listed in the table below are not supported using Data Guard Redo Apply.

Table Notes

1. Prior to Data Guard 11g, the Data Guard Broker did not support different word-size in the same Data Guard configuration, thus requiring management from the SQL*Plus command line for mixed word-size Data Guard configurations.  This restriction is lifted from Data Guard 11g onward.
2. Both primary and standby databases must be set at the same compatibility mode as the minimum release (if specified) in the table below.
3. A standby database cannot be open read-only in any environment that has binary-level PL/SQL-related incompatibilities between primary and standby databases.  Support Note 414043.1 is referenced in the table below for any platform combinations where this is the case (the note provides instructions for eliminating incompatibilities post role transition).  It is possible to access a standby database in such environments in Oracle Database 11g by temporarily converting it to a Snapshot Standby database, or in Oracle Database 10g by opening the standby read/write as described in the Data Guard 10g Concepts and Administration guide: Using a Physical Standby Database for Read/Write Testing and Reporting. Both procedures require following the steps in note 414043.1 before making the database available to users.
4. Please be sure to read Support Notes when referenced in the table below.
5. RMAN generally supports instantiation of a physical standby database for the supported platform combinations. Please see Support Note 1079563.1 for details.
6. Platforms in a supported combination may operate in either the primary or standby role.
7. Enterprise Manager can not be used for standby database creation or other administrative functions in any configuration where PLATFORM_IDs are not identical. Oracle recommends using the Data Guard Broker command line interface (DGMGRL) to administer mixed platform combinations from Oracle Database 11g onward and SQL*Plus command line for configurations that pre-date Oracle Database 11g.

PLATFORM_ID	PLATFORM_NAME Release name	PLATFORM_IDs supported within the same Data Guard configuration when using Data Guard Redo Apply (Physical Standby)
2	Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit) Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)	2 6 - Oracle 11.2.0.2 onward, primary database must be non-RAC and non-TDE
3	HP-UX (64-bit) HP-UX PA-RISC	3 4 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Notes 395982.1 and 414043.1
4	HP-UX IA (64-bit) HP-UX Itanium	4 3 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Notes 395982.1 and 414043.1
5	HP Tru64 UNIX HP Tru64 UNIX	5
6	IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)	2 - Oracle 11.2.0.2 onward, primary database must be non-RAC and non-TDE 6
7	Microsoft Windows (32-bit) Microsoft Windows (x86)	7 8, 12  - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 10 - Oracle 11g onward 11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
8	Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit) Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)	7 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 8 12 - Oracle 10g onward 11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward
9	IBM zSeries Based Linux z/Linux	9 18 (64-bit zSeries only)
10	Linux (32-bit) Linux x86	7 - Oracle 11g onward 10 11, 13 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
11	Linux IA (64-bit) Linux Itanium	10 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 11 13 - Oracle 10g onward 7 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 8, 12 - Oracle 11g onward
12	Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD Microsoft Windows (x86-64)	7 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 8 - Oracle 10g onward 12 11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward
13	Linux 64-bit for AMD Linux x86-64	7 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 10 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 11 - Oracle 10g onward 8, 12 - Oracle 11g onward 13 20 - Oracle 11g onward
15	HP Open VMS HP OpenVMS Alpha HP IA OpenVMS OpenVMS Itanium	15
16	Apple Mac OS Mac OS X Server	16
17	Solaris Operating System (x86) Solaris Operating System (x86)	17 20 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
18	IBM Power Based Linux Linux on Power	9 (64-bit zSeries only) 18
20	Solaris Operating System (AMD64) Solaris Operating System (x86-64)	13 - Oracle 11g onward 17 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1 20

Logical Standby

In addition to general support when using the same Oracle platform, Data Guard SQL Apply (logical standby) can support specific mixed Oracle Platform combinations as of Oracle Database 11g.  Oracle Platform IDs, platform names, and which combinations of platform ID(s) that can be combined to form a supported Data Guard configuration using SQL Apply are listed in the table below.  Platform combinations not listed in the table below are not supported using Data Guard SQL Apply.

Table Notes

1. All mixed platform combinations for SQL Apply in the table below are supported from Oracle Database 11g onward.
2. Prior to Data Guard Broker 11g, the Data Guard Broker did not support different word-size in the same Data Guard configuration, thus requiring all management from the SQL*Plus command line.  This restriction is lifted from Data Guard 11g onward.
3. Both primary and standby databases must be set at the same compatibility mode as the minimum release (if specified) in the table below.
4. Please be sure to read Support Notes when referenced in the table below.
5. RMAN generally supports instantiation of a physical standby database for the supported platform combinations. Please see Support Note 1079563.1 for details.
6. Platforms in a supported combination may operate in either the primary or standby role unless otherwise specified.
7. Enterprise Manager can not be used for standby database creation or other administrative functions in any configuration where PLATFORM_IDs are not identical. Oracle recommends using the Data Guard Broker command line interface (DGMGRL) to administer mixed platform combinations from Oracle Database 11g onward and SQL*Plus command line for configurations that pre-date Oracle Database 11g.

PLATFORM_ID	PLATFORM_NAME Release name	PLATFORM_IDs supported within the same Data Guard configuration when using Data Guard SQL Apply (Logical Standby)
2	Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit) Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)	2
3	HP-UX (64-bit) HP-UX PA-RISC	3, 4
4	HP-UX IA (64-bit) HP-UX Itanium	3, 4
5	HP Tru64 UNIX HP Tru64 UNIX	5
6	AIX-Based Systems (64-bit) AIX5L	6
7	Microsoft Windows (32-bit) Microsoft Windows (x86)	7, 10 8, 12 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
8	Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit) Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)	7 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database. 8, 11, 12, 13
9	IBM zSeries Based Linux z/Linux	9
10	Linux (32-bit) Linux x86	7, 10 11, 13 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
11	Linux IA (64-bit) Linux Itanium	10 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database. 8, 11, 13
12	Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD Microsoft Windows (x86-64)	7 - from Oracle 11g onward.  Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database. 8, 12
13	Linux 64-bit for AMD Linux x86-64	10 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database. 8, 11, 13
15	HP Open VMS HP OpenVMS Alpha HP IA OpenVMS OpenVMS Itanium	15
16	Apple Mac OS Mac OS X Server	16
17	Solaris Operating System (x86) Solaris Operating System (x86)	17
18	IBM Power Based Linux Linux on Power	18
20	Solaris Operating System (AMD64) Solaris Operating System (x86-64)	20

Reference: <Cross Platform Database Migrations>-Owen Ireland <Data Guard Support for Heterogeneous Primary and Physical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 413484.1]> <Data Guard Support for Heterogeneous Primary and Logical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 1085687.1]>