11g Release1 中引入了新的RMAN duplicate命令，即duplicate from active database命令。利用该命令可以更加便捷地创建Data Guard环境，你甚至不需要将Primary Database shutdown(整个过程中主库都可以处于打开状态下)，也不需要在配置前做一些额外的备份操作，仅需要配置起auxiliary辅助实例，同时创建密码文件，并在监听(LISTENER)中加入静态注册信息后就可以开始工作了！
以下示例中我们会在Primary Database所在的同一台服务器上部署一套物理备库(Physical Standby)，实际上这样比在不同的2台服务器上配置Data Guard要复杂些，原因是那样的话我们无需做File Name的转换，具体的环境：
| Database Role |
DB_UNIQUE_NAME |
| Primary Database |
PROD |
| Standby Database |
SBDB |
/* 需要注意的是DG环境中force logging,不要用了新特性就将这个基本的要求忘记了 ！ */
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.2.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
/* 显然PROD主库应当处于归档模式并且是FORCE LOGGING状态下 */
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
同时在Primary Database上创建必要的standby logfile:
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 8 size 50M;
Database altered.
..............
/* standby实例只需要db_name参数就可以启动到nomount模式了，
并为standby数据库创建密码文件 */
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ echo "db_name=PROD" >$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initSBDB.ora
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwSBDB password=XXXX entries=10
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
我们需要保证PROD和SBDB实例在监听器Listener中被静态注册，同时也包括DGMGRL需要用到的*_DGMGRL服务名
[maclean@rh6 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener23920.ora Network Configuration File: /tmp/listener23920.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
DGLSN =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh6.oracle.com)(PORT = 1588))
)
SID_LIST_DGLSN =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PROD)
(ORACLE_HOME = /s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2)
(SID_NAME = PROD)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = SBDB)
(ORACLE_HOME = /s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2)
(SID_NAME = SBDB)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PROD_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2)
(SID_NAME = PROD)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = SBDB_DGMGRL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2)
(SID_NAME = SBDB)
)
)
/* 并在tnsnames.ora文件中加入必要的服务别名 */
[maclean@rh6 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
PROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh6.oracle.com)(PORT = 1588))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = PROD)
)
)
SBDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh6.oracle.com)(PORT = 1588))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = SBDB)
)
)
DGLSN =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh6.oracle.com)(PORT = 1588))
)
接着我们来启动辅助实例
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=SBDB
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
/* 使用远程登录测试是否可以以SYSDBA登录SBDB实例 */
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ sqlplus sys/XXXXXX@SBDB as sysdba
下面我们需要准备一份duplicate standby database的脚本，
因为我们是在同一台主机上配置Data Guard所以这里要用到db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert，
如果你的环境中不需要这么做那么你可以指定NOFILENAMECHECK；
以下为示例的脚本，可以看到它并不复杂只是指定了必要的初始化参数，十分易于记忆。
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ cat duplicate_act_standby.rcv
duplicate target database
for standby
from active database
DORECOVER
spfile
set db_unique_name='SBDB'
set log_archive_dest_1='location=/standby/arch02'
set log_archive_dest_2='service=PROD async lgwr register valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=PROD'
set standby_file_management='AUTO'
set fal_server='PROD'
set fal_client='SBDB'
set control_files='/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl','/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control2.ctl'
set db_file_name_convert='PROD','SBDB'
set log_file_name_convert='PROD','SBDB'
set memory_target='0'
set sga_target='400M';
具体执行以上脚本，我们需要同时登录target database PROD和auxiliary instance辅助实例SBDB:
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
PROD
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@SBDB cmdfile=duplicate_act_standby.rcv log=das.log
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=158660885)
connected to auxiliary database: PROD (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database
2> for standby
3> from active database
4> DORECOVER
5> spfile
6> set db_unique_name='SBDB'
7> set log_archive_dest_1='location=/standby/arch02'
8> set log_archive_dest_2='service=PROD async lgwr register valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=PROD'
9> set standby_file_management='AUTO'
10> set fal_server='PROD'
11> set fal_client='SBDB'
12> set control_files='/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl','/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control2.ctl'
13> set db_file_name_convert='PROD','SBDB'
14> set log_file_name_convert='PROD','SBDB'
15> set memory_target='0'
16> set sga_target='400M';
17>
Starting Duplicate Db at 26-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=96 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/orapwPROD' auxiliary format
'/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/orapwSBDB' targetfile
'/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/spfilePROD.ora' auxiliary format
'/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/spfileSBDB.ora' ;
sql clone "alter system set spfile= ''/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/spfileSBDB.ora''";
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 26-MAR-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 26-MAR-11
sql statement: alter system set spfile= ''/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/spfileSBDB.ora''
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''SBDB'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_dest_1 =
''location=/standby/arch02'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_archive_dest_2 =
''service=PROD async lgwr register valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=PROD'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set standby_file_management =
''AUTO'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_server =
''PROD'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set fal_client =
''SBDB'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl'', ''/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control2.ctl'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_file_name_convert =
''PROD'', ''SBDB'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set log_file_name_convert =
''PROD'', ''SBDB'' comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set memory_target =
0 comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set sga_target =
400M comment=
'''' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''SBDB'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = ''location=/standby/arch02'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_archive_dest_2 =
''service=PROD async lgwr register valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=PROD''
comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set standby_file_management = ''AUTO'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_server = ''PROD'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set fal_client = ''SBDB'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl'',
''/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control2.ctl''
comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_file_name_convert = ''PROD'', ''SBDB'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set log_file_name_convert = ''PROD'', ''SBDB'' comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set memory_target = 0 comment= '''' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set sga_target = 400M comment= '''' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2227072 bytes
Variable Size 134218880 bytes
Database Buffers 272629760 bytes
Redo Buffers 8470528 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control2.ctl' from
'/standby/oradata/SBDB/controlfile/control1.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 26-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/s01/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/dbs/snapcf_PROD.f tag=TAG20110326T195144 RECID=2 STAMP=746826704
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-11
Starting restore at 26-MAR-11
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 26-MAR-11
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_6rvjsmr4_.tmp";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_6rvjrtxh_.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6rvjs6vh_.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6rvjsjjg_.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_6rvjsy5q_.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_6rvjrtxh_.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6rvjs6vh_.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6rvjsjjg_.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_6rvjsy5q_.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_6rvjsmr4_.tmp in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 26-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/standby/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_6rvjrtxh_.dbf
output file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_6rvjrtxh_.dbf tag=TAG20110326T195152
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/standby/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6rvjs6vh_.dbf
output file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6rvjs6vh_.dbf tag=TAG20110326T195152
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/standby/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6rvjsjjg_.dbf
output file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6rvjsjjg_.dbf tag=TAG20110326T195152
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/standby/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_6rvjsy5q_.dbf
output file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_6rvjsy5q_.dbf tag=TAG20110326T195152
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-11
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
archivelog like "/standby/arch01/1_17_746822549.dbf" auxiliary format
"/standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf" ;
catalog clone archivelog "/standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 26-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=3 STAMP=746826751
output file name=/standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-11
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=746826752
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=746826752 file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_6rvjrtxh_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=746826752 file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6rvjs6vh_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=746826752 file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6rvjsjjg_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=746826752 file name=/standby/oradata/SBDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_6rvjsy5q_.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 242517;
recover
standby
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 26-MAR-11
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf
archived log file name=/standby/arch02/1_17_746822549.dbf thread=1 sequence=17
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 26-MAR-11
Finished Duplicate Db at 26-MAR-11
Recovery Manager complete.
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
/* 在主库PROD上设置到物理备库SBDB的归档目的地 */
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=sbdb lgwr async
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=SBDB';
System altered.
以上完成了对物理备库Physical Standby的配置，紧接着我们来配合Data Broker:
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
System altered.
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=SBDB
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
System altered.
[maclean@rh6 ~]$ dgmgrl sys/oracle@PROD
DGMGRL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
Copyright (c) 2000, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected.
DGMGRL> create CONFIGURATION PROD as PRIMARY DATABASE IS PROD CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS PROD;
Configuration "prod" created with primary database "prod"
DGMGRL> add database sbdb AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS sbdb MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
Database "sbdb" added
DGMGRL> enable configuration;
Enabled.
DGMGRL> edit database prod set property LogXptMode='sync';
Property "logxptmode" updated
DGMGRL> edit database sbdb set property LogXptMode='sync';
Property "logxptmode" updated
/* 修改当前DG的保护模式为最大可用模式MaxAvailability */
DGMGRL> edit CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE as MaxAvailability;
Succeeded.
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - prod
Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
Databases:
prod - Primary database
sbdb - Physical standby database
Error: ORA-16766: Redo Apply is stopped
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
ERROR
/* 以上可以看到物理备库SBDB上的REDO APPLY被停止了，我们可以在DGMGRL中启动其REDO APPLY */
DGMGRL> edit database sbdb set state='APPLY-ON';
Succeeded.
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - prod
Protection Mode: MaxAvailability
Databases:
prod - Primary database
sbdb - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS
/* 以下使用DGMGRL来回切换主备库角色，十分方便 */
DGMGRL> switchover to sbdb;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
New primary database "sbdb" is opening...
Operation requires shutdown of instance "PROD" on database "prod"
Shutting down instance "PROD"...
ORACLE instance shut down.
Operation requires startup of instance "PROD" on database "prod"
Starting instance "PROD"...
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "sbdb"
DGMGRL> switchover to prod;
Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
New primary database "prod" is opening...
Operation requires shutdown of instance "SBDB" on database "sbdb"
Shutting down instance "SBDB"...
ORACLE instance shut down.
Operation requires startup of instance "SBDB" on database "sbdb"
Starting instance "SBDB"...
ORACLE instance started.
Database mounted.
Switchover succeeded, new primary is "prod"