原文出处:http://lz881228.blog.163.com/blog/static/114197324201341755951817/
java 操作 Excel 最常用的就是JXL(java excel api)和POI,今先看下JXL吧。首先可以到http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html 下载最新的jxl.jar,里面有它的jar包和API,内有一个小例子,可以参考一下。
JXL 用起来挺简单的,不过相应的其功能也并不是十分强大,对于一般的简单的excel操作还可以,对于太复杂的还是有些吃力,基本的操作也就是以下几项内容。
首先,要创建一个可读写的工作簿(WritableWorkbook):
1 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test.xls"));
如果是想要修改一个已存在的excel工作簿,则需要先获得它的原始工作簿,再创建一个可读写的副本:
1 Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\test\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档 2 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本
然后,取得我们要操作的sheet,并对其进行相应的操作,如改名、合并单元格、设置列宽、行高等:
1 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0); 2 sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名 3 workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页 4 workbook.removeSheet(3); 5 6 sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格 7 sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度 8 sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度 9 sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度
之后,就是对单元格的操作了,可以通过如下方法获取一个单元格,其中两个参数分别为列、行的位置,从0开始计数,如(2,3)就代表单元格C4:
1 WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);
通过WritableFont、WritableCellFormat等对象可以设置单元格的字体、样式等外观:
1 WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体 2 20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE, // 字号 3 WritableFont.NO_BOLD, // 粗体 4 false, // 斜体 5 UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, // 下划线 6 Colour.BLUE2, // 字体颜色 7 ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT); 8 WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf); 9 wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色 10 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式 11 wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框 12 cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
在jxl中,有几种常用的数据类型,根据单元格内数据类型的不同,每个WritableCell可以根据其类型被转换为它的一个子类型,以便对不同类型的数据进行专门的处理,通常可以做这样的转换:
1 WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i); 2 3 if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) { 4 jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell; 5 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) { 6 jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell; 7 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) { 8 jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell; 9 } else if(fromCell instanceof Label){ 10 Label _label = (Label) fromCell; 11 }
当然,操作完成之后一定不要忘了刷新(或者叫写入?)和关掉工作簿:
1 workbook.write(); 2 workbook.close();
下面是参考jxl api里那个例子写的,把我自己觉得常用的excel操作基本都包含了:
1 package test; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.net.MalformedURLException; 6 import java.net.URL; 7 import java.util.ArrayList; 8 import java.util.Calendar; 9 import java.util.Date; 10 11 import jxl.CellType; 12 import jxl.Workbook; 13 import jxl.format.Alignment; 14 import jxl.format.Border; 15 import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle; 16 import jxl.format.Colour; 17 import jxl.format.ScriptStyle; 18 import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle; 19 import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment; 20 import jxl.read.biff.BiffException; 21 import jxl.write.Blank; 22 import jxl.write.DateFormat; 23 import jxl.write.DateFormats; 24 import jxl.write.DateTime; 25 import jxl.write.Formula; 26 import jxl.write.Label; 27 import jxl.write.Number; 28 import jxl.write.NumberFormat; 29 import jxl.write.WritableCell; 30 import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures; 31 import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat; 32 import jxl.write.WritableFont; 33 import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink; 34 import jxl.write.WritableImage; 35 import jxl.write.WritableSheet; 36 import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook; 37 import jxl.write.WriteException; 38 39 /** 40 * 41 * @author why 42 * 43 */ 44 public class ExcelTest { 45 46 /** 47 * @param args 48 * @throws IOException 49 * @throws BiffException 50 * @throws WriteException 51 */ 52 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException { 53 Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\test\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档 54 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本 55 56 57 /** 58 * 定义与设置Sheet 59 */ 60 WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0); 61 sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名 62 workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页 63 workbook.removeSheet(3); 64 65 sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格 66 sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度 67 sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度 68 sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度 69 70 WritableCell cell = null; 71 WritableCellFormat wcf = null; 72 Label label = null; 73 WritableCellFeatures wcfeatures = null; 74 75 // 更改标题字体 76 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,0); 77 WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体 78 20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE, // 字号 79 WritableFont.NO_BOLD, // 粗体 80 false, // 斜体 81 UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, // 下划线 82 Colour.BLUE2, // 字体颜色 83 ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT); 84 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf); 85 wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色 86 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式 87 wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框 88 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 89 90 // 将B3的字体改为仿宋_GB2312 91 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,2); 92 WritableFont fs = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"), 93 11); 94 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(fs); 95 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 96 97 // 将B4的字号改为20 98 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,3); 99 WritableFont size20 = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 100 20); 101 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(size20); 102 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 103 104 // 将B5的字体改为加粗 105 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,4); 106 WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 107 11, 108 WritableFont.BOLD); 109 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(bold); 110 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 111 112 // 将B6的字体改为倾斜 113 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,5); 114 WritableFont italic = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 115 11, 116 WritableFont.NO_BOLD, 117 true); 118 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(italic); 119 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 120 121 // 将B7字体加下划线 122 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,6); 123 WritableFont underline = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 124 11, 125 WritableFont.NO_BOLD, 126 false, 127 UnderlineStyle.SINGLE); 128 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(underline); 129 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 130 131 // 将B8的文字改为“待修改文字-已修改” 132 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,7); 133 if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL) 134 { 135 Label lc = (Label) cell; 136 lc.setString(lc.getString() + " - 已修改"); 137 } 138 139 // 将B9文字对齐方式改为垂直居中、右对齐 140 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,8); 141 WritableFont align = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 142 11); 143 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(align); 144 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.RIGHT); // 设置为右对齐 145 wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); // 设置为垂直居中 146 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 147 148 // 将E3文字改为自动换行 149 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(4,2); 150 WritableFont justify = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 151 11); 152 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(justify); 153 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.JUSTIFY); 154 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 155 156 157 // 将B12的数字有效位数从5位改为7位 158 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,11); 159 NumberFormat sevendps = new NumberFormat("#.0000000"); 160 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(sevendps); 161 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 162 163 // 将B13改为4位科学计数法表示 164 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,12); 165 NumberFormat exp4 = new NumberFormat("0.####E0"); 166 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(exp4); 167 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 168 169 // 将B14改为默认数字表示 170 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,13); 171 cell.setCellFormat(WritableWorkbook.NORMAL_STYLE); 172 173 // 将B15数字类型的值17改为22 174 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,14); 175 if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER) 176 { 177 Number n = (Number) cell; 178 n.setValue(42); 179 } 180 181 // 将B16的值2.71进行加法运算2.71 + 0.1 182 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,15); 183 if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER) 184 { 185 Number n = (Number) cell; 186 n.setValue(n.getValue() + 0.1); 187 } 188 189 // 将B19日期格式改为默认 190 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,18); 191 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT9); 192 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 193 194 // 将B20日期格式改为dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss 195 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,19); 196 DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss"); 197 wcf = new WritableCellFormat(df); 198 cell.setCellFormat(wcf); 199 200 // 将B21的日期设置为 2011-6-1 11:18:50 201 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,20); 202 if (cell.getType() == CellType.DATE) 203 { 204 DateTime dt = (DateTime) cell; 205 Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); 206 cal.set(2011, 5, 1, 11, 18, 50); 207 Date d = cal.getTime(); 208 dt.setDate(d); 209 } 210 211 212 // 将B24文字添加链接http://www.baidu.com 213 WritableHyperlink link = new WritableHyperlink(1, 23, new URL("http://www.baidu.com")); 214 sheet.addHyperlink(link); 215 216 // 更改URL链接 217 WritableHyperlink hyperlinks[] = sheet.getWritableHyperlinks(); 218 for (int i = 0; i < hyperlinks.length; i++) { 219 WritableHyperlink wh = hyperlinks[i]; 220 if (wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 24) { 221 // 将B25文字链接取消 222 sheet.removeHyperlink(wh,true);//true:保留文字;false:删除文字 223 }else if(wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 25){ 224 try { 225 // 将B26链接更改为http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com 226 wh.setURL(new URL("http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com")); 227 } catch (MalformedURLException e) { 228 e.printStackTrace(); 229 } 230 } 231 } 232 233 234 // 利用公式取得B29、B30的值 235 Formula f1 = new Formula(1, 28, "SUM(C29:D29)"); 236 sheet.addCell(f1); 237 Formula f2 = new Formula(1, 29, "AVERAGE(C30:G30)"); 238 sheet.addCell(f2); 239 240 // 在B32处添加图片,图片大小占10行3列,只支持png格式 241 File file = new File("d:\shu05.png"); 242 WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 31, 3, 10, file); 243 sheet.addImage(image); 244 245 // 在A44出添加内容"Added drop down validation",并为其添加注释 246 label = new Label(0, 43, "Added drop down validation"); 247 wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures(); 248 wcfeatures.setComment("右边列是个下拉列表"); 249 label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 250 sheet.addCell(label); 251 252 // 在B44处添加一个下拉列表并添加注释 253 Blank b = new Blank(1, 43); 254 wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures(); 255 ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); 256 al.add("why"); 257 al.add("landor"); 258 al.add("tjm"); 259 wcfeatures.setDataValidationList(al); 260 wcfeatures.setComment("这是一个注释"); 261 b.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 262 sheet.addCell(b); 263 264 // 为A46添加注释。 265 // 此处比较麻烦,试了多次发现必须将cell强制类型转换、添加CellFeatures再修改注释才可用,不知有没有更好的办法。 266 cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,45); 267 wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures(); 268 wcfeatures.setComment("这个注释不会被显示,删了这行还不行,MD"); 269 cell.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 270 271 label = (Label) cell; 272 // label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);// 直接这样写会报一个警告(“注释已存在”),但那个注释仍会被显示。 273 label.addCellFeatures(); 274 label.getWritableCellFeatures().setComment("终于加上注释了,哈哈哈哈"); 275 276 277 // if (cell instanceof Number) { 278 // Number num = (Number) cell; 279 // num.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 280 // } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) { 281 // jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) cell; 282 // bool.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 283 // } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) { 284 // jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) cell; 285 // dt.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 286 // } else { 287 // Label _label = (Label) cell; 288 // _label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); 289 // } 290 291 workbook.write(); 292 workbook.close(); 293 wb.close(); 294 } 295 296 }
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xl读取excel和写excel基本类似,只是WritableWorkbook换成了Workbook; WritableSheet换成了 Sheet ;Label 换成了Cell。
1 import java.io.File; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import jxl.Cell; 4 import jxl.Sheet; 5 import jxl.Workbook; 6 import jxl.read.biff.BiffException; 7 public class ReadExcel { 8 public static void main(String[] args) { 9 try { 10 //选取指定的excel 11 Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("F:\test.xls")); 12 //选取制定的sheet 13 Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0); 14 //选取指定的cell 15 //遍历循环得到所要的cell值 16 for(int j = 0 ;j<sheet.getRows() ; j++) 17 for(int i = 0 ;i<sheet.getColumns();i++){ 18 Cell cell = sheet.getCell(i,j); 19 //获取该cell的值 20 String var1 = cell.getContents(); 21 //打印输出该值 22 System.out.println(var1); 23 } 24 } catch (BiffException e) { 25 e.printStackTrace(); 26 } catch (IOException e) { 27 e.printStackTrace(); 28 } 29 } 30 }