java——SpringMVC

 

 

下面做一个简单的SpringMVC例子：

创建一个比较标准的mvc项目，

 创建后在开发软件中导入该项目即可。

首先配置pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>imooc-arthur</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-mvc-study</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>spring-mvc-study Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <!-- 配置参数，为后面${}提供基础，也是为了方便管理，改动时只需改动改配置即可 -->
  <properties>
      <commons-lang.version>2.6</commons-lang.version>
      <slf4j.version>1.7.6</slf4j.version>
      <spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
              <version>${spring.version}</version>
              <type>pom</type>
              <scope>import</scope>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  
  <!-- 依赖，项目所依赖的包都可在这设置 -->
  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
          <version>${commons-lang.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
          <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
          <exclusions>
              <exclusion>
                  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
              </exclusion>
          </exclusions>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <!-- 插件：jetty插件是用于运行maven时给项目提供容器环境的 -->
  <build>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
              <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>9.2.2.v20140723</version>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

再配置web.xml，声明哪些请求会被送往前端控制器，而前端控制器又是依赖哪个配置文件：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app id="WebApp_1587969167981">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
  
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>/WEB-INF/configs/spring/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

再编写前端控制器的配置文件mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!-- 激活注解 @Required @Autowired @PreDestory and @Resourse等 -->
    <context:annotation-config/>
    
    <!-- DispatcherServlet上下文，只搜索@Controller标注的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.mvcdemo">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 选择视图，perfix参数是前缀、suffix是后缀 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

最后再编写控制器controller类，对其进行@Controller和对应@RequestMapping的注解：

package com.imooc.mvcdemo.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloMvcController {
    @RequestMapping("/mvc")
    public String helloMvc() {
        return "home";
}
}

这里的RequestMapping表示的就是请求的路径，return表示的就是跳转的页面或servlet，比如上面例子当访问127.0.0.1:8080/hello/mvc时，就会跳转到

/WEB-INF/jsps/home.jsp的这个jsp文件了；

总的来说就是：web.xml配置了哪些请求会被前端控制器接收，且前端控制器的依赖配置文件会配置前端控制器去扫描哪些控制器，将请求转到哪些控制器处理，处理后的return又回到前端控制器，结合配置，再选择跳转到哪个页面，最后将页面作为response传回到用户的页面中去。

做完配置后再项目所在目录内运行：，即可启动项目；