微软在Windows API中提供了建立新的线程的函数CreateThread,它的语法如下:
hThread = CreateThread (&security_attributes, dwStackSize, ThreadProc,pParam, dwFlags, &idThread) ; |
第一个参数是指向SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES型态的结构的指针。在Windows 98中忽略该参数。在Windows NT中,它被设为NULL。第二个参数是用于新线程的初始堆栈大小,默认值为0。在任何情况下,Windows根据需要动态延长堆栈的大小。
CreateThread的第三个参数是指向线程函数的指标。函数名称没有限制,但是必须以下列形式声明:
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc (PVOID pParam) ; |
CreateThread的第四个参数为传递给ThreadProc的参数。这样主线程和从属线程就可以共享数据。
CreateThread的第五个参数通常为0,但当建立的线程不马上执行时为旗标CREATE_SUSPENDED。线程将暂停直到呼叫ResumeThread来恢复线程的执行为止。第六个参数是一个指标,指向接受执行绪ID值的变量。
大多数Windows程序写作者喜欢用在PROCESS.H表头文件中声明的C执行时期链接库函数_beginthread。它的语法如下:
hThread = _beginthread (ThreadProc, uiStackSize, pParam) ; |
它更简单,对于大多数应用程序很完美,这个线程函数的语法为:
void __cdecl ThreadProc (void * pParam) ; |
在建立多线程的Windows程序时,需要在「Project Settings」对话框中做一些修改。选择「C/C++」页面标签,然后在「Category」下拉式清单方块中选择「Code Generation」。在「Use Run-Time Library」下拉式清单方块中,可以看到用于「Release」设定的「Single-Threaded」和用于Debug设定的「Debug Single-Threaded」。将这些分别改为「Multithreaded」和「Debug Multithreaded」。这将把编译器旗标改为/MT,它是编译器在编译多线程的应用程序所需要的。
第一个demo.
/******************************************************* * * deom1---四个线程同时写一个文件( 没有参数 ) * * ***********************************************************/ #include <windows.h> #include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */ #include <iostream> #include <fstream> using namespace std; ofstream out("out.txt"); void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl; } } int main() { int i=0; _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,NULL); _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL); _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL); _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL); Sleep(3000); out<<"end"; return 0; } //demo1 end----------------------------------------------- 第二个demo. /******************************************************* * * deom2---四个线程同时写一个文件( 有参数 ) * * ***********************************************************/ #include <windows.h> #include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */ #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std; ofstream out("out.txt"); void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param) { while(1) { char *p; p=(char *) param; Sleep(10); out<<p<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl; } } void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param) { while(1) { Sleep(10); out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl; } } int main() { char *pstr=" 参数传递成功"; _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,pstr); _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL); _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL); _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL); Sleep(1000); out<<"end"; return 0; } // demo2 end ------------------------------------------------ 第三个demo( 一个win32 应用程序 ) /******************************************************* * * deom3--- 在屏幕上随机画出一系列矩形 * * ***********************************************************/ #include <windows.h> #include <process.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; HWND hwnd ; int cxClient, cyClient ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("RndRctMT") ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow ( szAppName, TEXT ("Random Rectangles"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } VOID Thread (PVOID pvoid) { HBRUSH hBrush ; HDC hdc ; int xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom, iRed, iGreen, iBlue ; while (TRUE) { if (cxClient != 0 || cyClient != 0) { xLeft = rand () % cxClient ; xRight = rand () % cxClient ; yTop = rand () % cyClient ; yBottom = rand () % cyClient ; iRed = rand () & 255 ; iGreen = rand () & 255 ; iBlue = rand () & 255 ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (iRed, iGreen, iBlue)) ; SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ; Rectangle (hdc,min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom), max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; DeleteObject (hBrush) ; } } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: _beginthread (Thread, 0, NULL) ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } //demo4 end----------------------------------------------- |