• Windows 的多线程程序设计初步


      一般情况下多线程编程多采用MFC类库实现,那么如果不使用MFC 如何进行多线程程序设计呢?本文将就这个问题进行讨论:

      微软在Windows API中提供了建立新的线程的函数CreateThread,它的语法如下:

    hThread = CreateThread (&security_attributes, dwStackSize, ThreadProc,pParam, dwFlags, &idThread) ;

      第一个参数是指向SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES型态的结构的指针。在Windows 98中忽略该参数。在Windows NT中,它被设为NULL。第二个参数是用于新线程的初始堆栈大小,默认值为0。在任何情况下,Windows根据需要动态延长堆栈的大小。

      CreateThread的第三个参数是指向线程函数的指标。函数名称没有限制,但是必须以下列形式声明:

    DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc (PVOID pParam) ;
     
      CreateThread的第四个参数为传递给ThreadProc的参数。这样主线程和从属线程就可以共享数据。

      CreateThread的第五个参数通常为0,但当建立的线程不马上执行时为旗标CREATE_SUSPENDED。线程将暂停直到呼叫ResumeThread来恢复线程的执行为止。第六个参数是一个指标,指向接受执行绪ID值的变量。

      大多数Windows程序写作者喜欢用在PROCESS.H表头文件中声明的C执行时期链接库函数_beginthread。它的语法如下:

    hThread = _beginthread (ThreadProc, uiStackSize, pParam) ;

      它更简单,对于大多数应用程序很完美,这个线程函数的语法为:

    void __cdecl ThreadProc (void * pParam) ;

      在建立多线程的Windows程序时,需要在「Project Settings」对话框中做一些修改。选择「C/C++」页面标签,然后在「Category」下拉式清单方块中选择「Code Generation」。在「Use Run-Time Library」下拉式清单方块中,可以看到用于「Release」设定的「Single-Threaded」和用于Debug设定的「Debug Single-Threaded」。将这些分别改为「Multithreaded」和「Debug Multithreaded」。这将把编译器旗标改为/MT,它是编译器在编译多线程的应用程序所需要的。

      第一个demo.

    /*******************************************************
    *
    * deom1---四个线程同时写一个文件( 没有参数 )
    *
    *
    ***********************************************************/
    #include <windows.h>
    #include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
    #include <iostream>
    #include <fstream>
    using namespace std;

    ofstream out("out.txt");

    void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
     }
    }
    int main()
    {
     int i=0;
     _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,NULL);
     _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

     _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
     _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
     Sleep(3000);
     out<<"end";
     return 0;
    }

    //demo1 end-----------------------------------------------

    第二个demo.
    /*******************************************************
    *
    * deom2---四个线程同时写一个文件( 有参数 )
    *
    *
    ***********************************************************/
    #include <windows.h>
    #include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
    #include <iostream>
    #include <fstream>
    #include <string>
    using namespace std;
    ofstream out("out.txt");

    void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      char *p;
      p=(char *) param;
      Sleep(10);
      out<<p<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
     }
    }
    void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
    {
     while(1)
     {
      Sleep(10);
      out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
     }
    }
    int main()
    {
     char *pstr=" 参数传递成功";

     _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,pstr);
     _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

     _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
     _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
     Sleep(1000);
     out<<"end";
     return 0;
    }

    // demo2 end ------------------------------------------------

    第三个demo( 一个win32 应用程序 )

    /*******************************************************
    *
    * deom3--- 在屏幕上随机画出一系列矩形
    *
    *
    ***********************************************************/


    #include <windows.h>
    #include <process.h>

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
    HWND hwnd ;

    int cxClient, cyClient ;

    int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
    {
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("RndRctMT") ;
      MSG msg ;

    WNDCLASS wndclass ;

    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
    wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
    wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
    wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

    if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
    {
     MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
     return 0 ;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow ( szAppName, TEXT ("Random Rectangles"),
      WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
      NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
    ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
    UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

    while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
     TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
     DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
    }
    return msg.wParam ;
    }

    VOID Thread (PVOID pvoid)
    {
     HBRUSH hBrush ;
     HDC hdc ;
     int xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom, iRed, iGreen, iBlue ;

     while (TRUE)
     {
      if (cxClient != 0 || cyClient != 0)
      {
       xLeft = rand () % cxClient ;
       xRight = rand () % cxClient ;
       yTop = rand () % cyClient ;
       yBottom = rand () % cyClient ;
       iRed = rand () & 255 ;
       iGreen = rand () & 255 ;
       iBlue = rand () & 255 ;
     
       hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
       hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (iRed, iGreen, iBlue)) ;
       SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ;

       Rectangle (hdc,min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom),
         max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ;

       ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
       DeleteObject (hBrush) ;
      }
     }
    }

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
     switch (message)
     {
      case WM_CREATE:
       _beginthread (Thread, 0, NULL) ;
       return 0 ;
      case WM_SIZE:
       cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
       cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
       return 0 ;
      case WM_DESTROY:
       PostQuitMessage (0) ;
       return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
    }

    //demo4 end-----------------------------------------------

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lzhdim/p/1344232.html
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