• Linux系统扩容根目录磁盘空间的操作方法


    一、使用背景
    Linux根目录磁盘空间不够用了,当修改了虚拟机模版增加磁盘大小或者插入了一块新硬盘,但是发现系统里的大小还是没改变。
    产生的原因是没有给磁盘格式化,没有增加分区。
    二、操作方法

    1.查看磁盘空间大小,使用df -h 命令,发现挂载根目录节点的/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 只有7.1G容量。

    [root@node-002 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem                                              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root                          18G   9.3G  7.1G  57% /
    tmpfs                                                   491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1                                               477M   42M  411M  10% /boot

    2.增加磁盘空间,例如下图使用VM虚拟机增加的方式。

    3.使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息。当看到第一行Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB与实际df -h显示内容不符时,说明增加磁盘成功了。

    [root@node-002 ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00092cf6
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    4.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 创建新分区。
    注意:不同操作系统的磁盘命名方式不同,有些是/dev/vda。具体使用方式参考第三步中fdisk -l首行显示Disk。如笔者在该系统中首行显示为Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes ,故使用命令fdisk /dev/sda)
    按照下面Linux操作进行分区。

    [root@node-002 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
     
    命令(输入 m 获取帮助): m
    命令操作
      a  toggle a bootable flag
      b  edit bsd disklabel
      c  toggle the dos compatibility flag
      d  delete a partition
      l  list known partition types
      m  print this menu
      n  add a new partition
      o  create a new empty DOS partition table
      p  print the partition table
      q  quit without saving changes
      s  create a new empty Sun disklabel
      t  change a partition's system id
      u  change display/entry units
      v  verify the partition table
      w  write table to disk and exit
      x  extra functionality (experts only)
     
    命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
    Partition type:
      p  primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
      l  logical (numbered from 5)
    Select (default p): p  #选择主分区
    分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号
    起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认
    将使用默认值 499712
    Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757): 
    将使用默认值 501757
     命令(输入 m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
    Partition type:
      p  primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
      l  logical (numbered from 5)
    Select (default p): p #选择主分区
    Selected partition 4  #分区序号
    起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
    将使用默认值 62912512
    Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799): 
    将使用默认值 314572799
     
    命令(输入 m 获取帮助): t  #修改分区格式
    分区号 (1-5): 4  #修改分区号
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e  linux LVM
    Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
     
    命令(输入 m 获取帮助): p #显示分区信息
     
    Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
    Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
     
      设备 启动   起点     终点   块数  Id 系统
    /dev/sda1  *    2048   499711   248832  83 Linux
    /dev/sda2     501758  62912511  31205377  5 扩展
    /dev/sda3     499712   501757    1023  83 Linux
    Partition table entries are not in disk order
    命令(输入 m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
    The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
    the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
    Syncing disks.

    5.重启Linux操作系统,使用reboot命令。

    6.创建物理卷,使用pvcreate /dev/sda3命令。

    [root@node-002 dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 
      Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

    7.查看新建的物理卷和大小,使用pvdisplay命令。

    [root@node-002 dev]# pvdisplay
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sda2
      VG Name               vg_node003
      PV Size               19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              4994
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          4994
      PV UUID               UC4j5m-rJO4-DroW-E92L-n5Vj-SU0U-PJyfJf
       
      "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sda3
      VG Name               
      PV Size               30.00 GiB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size               0   
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               nng8Gx-51fP-DIBH-YeF4-Sw7B-S0jQ-oGXfpa

    8.将添加新的物理卷,加载到vg_node003卷组,使用vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3命令。

    [root@node-002 dev]# vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3
      Volume group "vg_node003" successfully extended

    9.查看卷组信息,使用vgdisplay命令。

    [root@node-002 dev]# vgdisplay
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg_node003
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        2
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                2
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                2
      Act PV                2
      VG Size               49.50 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              12673
      Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       7679 / 30.00 GiB
      VG UUID               v37e5T-4iPX-olm0-Claw-8EfO-axHf-evCAfc

    10.增加vg_node003大小,增加30G。使用lvresize -L +30G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
    注:vg_node003-lv_root在/dev/mapper里面查看

    [root@node-002 mapper]# lvresize -L +29.99G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root  
      Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 29.99 GiB
      Size of logical volume vg_node003/lv_root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 47.50 GiB (12160 extents).
      Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

    11.重新识别vg_node003大小,使用resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。

    [root@node-002 mapper]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
    resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
    old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
    Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root to 12451840 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is now 12451840 blocks long.

    如出现下列情况

    resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block 当尝试打开 /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 时 找不到有效的文件系统超级块.

    请使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root

    [root@node-002 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
     meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512  agcount=4, agsize=2891264 blks 
          = sectsz=512  attr=2, projid32bit=1
          =               crc=1     finobt=0 spinodes=0
    data
    =               bsize=4096 blocks=11565056, imaxpct=25
          =               sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
    naming
    = version 2         bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
    log    
    = internal          bsize=4096 blocks=5647, version=2
          =               sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
    realtime
    =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
    data blocks changed from 11565056 to 24672256

    12.查看扩容后的大小 ,使用df -h命令。

    [root@node-002 mapper]# df -h
    Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root      47G  9.3G   36G  21% /
    tmpfs                              491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1                          477M   42M  411M  10% /boot

    当看到/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 已经更新到新的大小时,则表示增加成功。
    三、总结
    以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Linux系统扩容根目录磁盘空间的操作方法,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxyuuuuu/p/9717231.html
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