tk画图

 Page 387 of chapter 7

"""
6-23 page 343 play media files
"""
def odd():
    funcs=[]
    for c in 'abcdwe':
        funcs.append((lambda:c))
    return funcs

def odd2():
    funcs=[]
    for c in 'abcdwe':
        funcs.append((lambda c=c:c))
    return funcs    
   
def odd1():
    funcs=[]
    for c in 'abcdwe':
        funcs.append(c)
    return funcs

for func in odd():
    print(func())
print('force to remenber'+'#'*30)
for func in odd2():
    print(func())
    
listt=[]
listt=odd1()
print listt

"""
programming pytyon page 422 
pop up three new windows ,with style
desctory() kill one window,quit kill all windows and app
top-level window have litle,icon,iconify/deiconify and protocol for wn events
there always is an application root window,whether by default or created as an
explicit tk() object;all top-level windows are containters but they are never
packed.gridded;toplevel is like Frame,but a new window,and can have a menu;
"""
from Tkinter import *
root =Tk()
trees =[('the larch!','light blue'),('the pine!','light green'),('the giant redwood','red')]

for (tree,color) in trees:
    win = Toplevel(root)
    win.title('sing...')
    win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X
    win.iconbitmap('C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\bg.ico')
    
    msg =Button(win,text=tree,command=win.destroy)
    msg.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
    msg.config(padx=10,pady=10,bd=10,relief=RAISED)
    msg.config(bg='black',fg=color,font=('times',30,'bold italic'))
root.title('lxk demo with three win')
Label(root,text='main win',width=30).pack()
Button(root,text='quit all',command=root.quit).pack()
root.mainloop()

1. win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X

如果设置protocol属性为None ，所以我们无法通过X关闭3个窗口

2.关掉一个窗口和对应的子窗口，使用destroy；关掉所有的窗口，使用quit

3.title设置title，iconbitmap设定图标

4.如果设定win=Toplevel（），并且还没有设定Tk root窗口，则此句将默认生成TK root作为Toplevel的主窗口。但是，我们

root=tk（），以上调用将产生产生一个root主窗口

多个按钮放入对话框中

退出按钮：

"""
a quit button that verifies exit requests to reuse,
attach an instance to other GUIS,and repack as desired
"""
from Tkinter import  *
from tkMessageBox import askokcancel

class Quitter(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.pack()
        wid =Button(self,text ='Quit',fg='blue',command =self.quit)
        wid.pack(side =LEFT,expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
    def quit(self):
        ans =askokcancel('verify exit',"readlly quit")
        if ans:
            Frame.quit(self)
if __name__ =='__main__':
    Quitter().mainloop()

对话框

"""
define a name:callback demos table
"""
from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename
from tkColorChooser import askcolor
from tkMessageBox import askquestion,showwarning
from tkSimpleDialog import askfloat

demos ={
    'open':askopenfilename,
    'Color':askcolor,
    'Query':lambda:askquestion('waring','you type q
 confirm?'),
    'Error':lambda:showerror('error!',"he is here,lxk"),
    'input':lambda:askfloat('entry','entry random float num')
}

组合对话框：

"create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos"
from Tkinter import *
from dialogTable import demos
from quitter import Quitter

root =Tk()

class Demo(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
        self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,
        Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()
        for (key,value) in demos.items():
            Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=value).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
        Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)

if __name__ =='__main__':
    #maindlg=Toplevel(root)
    #maindlg.title('another dlg')
    #maindlg.iconbitmap('C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\bg.ico')
    #Button(maindlg,text='botton at maingld').pack()
    
    root.title('demo dlg')
    root.iconbitmap('C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\bg.ico')    
    Demo().mainloop()

 把main函数中注释打开，则：

demo dlg是主窗口，关闭则所有窗口关闭。

按钮的回调函数没有传入参数，如果需要传额外的数据到handler，我们需要打包给一个能够保存或者记住这些数据的对象，这个对象完成到实际handler的调用。如何绕过这个限制

答案：使用lambda表达式。

"create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos"
from Tkinter import *
from dialogTable import demos
from quitter import Quitter

root =Tk()

class Demo(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
        self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,
        Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()
        for key in demos:
            func = (lambda key =key:self.printit(key))
            Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=func).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)
        Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)
    def printit(self,name):
        print (name,'returns ==>',demos[name]())

if __name__ =='__main__':
    root.title('demo dlg')
    root.iconbitmap('C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\bg.ico')    
    Demo().mainloop()

Check demos

"""
create a bar of check buttons that run dialog demo
"""
from Tkinter import *
from dialogTable import demos
from quitter import Quitter

class Demo(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent =None,**options):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent=None,**options)
        self.pack()
        self.tools()
        Label(self,text ='check demos').pack()
        self.vars = []
        for key in demos:
            var= IntVar()
            Checkbutton(self,text =key,variable =var,command=demos[key]).pack(side =LEFT)
            self.vars.append(var)
    def report(self):
        for var in self.vars:
            print(var.get())
        print()
    def tools(self):
        frm=Frame(self)
        frm.pack(side =RIGHT)
        Button(frm,text ='state',command =self.report).pack(fill =X)
        Quitter(frm).pack(fill=X)

if __name__=='__main__':
    Demo().mainloop()

Radiocheck

"create a group of radio buttons that launch dialog demos"

from Tkinter import *
from dialogTable import demos
from quitter import Quitter

class Demo(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent =None,**options):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
        self.pack()
        Label(self,text ='radio demos').pack(side =TOP)
        self.var = StringVar()
        for key in demos:
            Radiobutton(self,text =key,command=self.onPress,variable =self.var,
                        value =key).pack(anchor =NW)
        self.var.set(key) #select last to start
        Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(fill=X)
        Quitter(self).pack(fill=X)
    def onPress(self):
        pick = self.var.get()
        print('you pressed',pick)
        print('result:',demos[pick]())
    def report(self):
        print(self.var.get())
if __name__=='__main__':
    Demo().mainloop()

scale check

"create two linked scales used to launch dialog demos"

from Tkinter import *
from dialogTable import demos
from quitter import Quitter

class Demo(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)
        self.pack()
        Label(self,text ='scale demos').pack()
        self.var = IntVar()
        Scale(self,label ='pick demo num',
              command=self.onMove,
              variable=self.var,
              from_=0,to=len(demos)-1).pack()
        Scale(self,label='pick demo number',
              command=self.onMove,
              variable=self.var,
              from_=-100,to=len(demos)-1+100,
              length=200,tickinterval=10,resolution=30,
              showvalue=YES,orient='horizontal').pack()
        Quitter(self).pack(side=RIGHT)
        Button(self,text ='run demo',command=self.onRun).pack(side =LEFT)
        Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(side=RIGHT)
    def onMove(self,value):
        print('in move',value)
    def onRun(self):
        pos = self.var.get()
        print('you picked',pos)
        demo=list(demos.values())[pos]
        print(demo())
        
    def report(self):
        print self.var.get()
if __name__ =='__main__':
    print(list(demos.keys()))
    Demo().mainloop()
        

DemoALL

"""
4 demo class components(subframes) on one window;
there are 5 quitter buttons on this one window too,and each kills entire gui
gui can be resued as frames in container,indenpendent windown or process
"""
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from Tkinter import *
from quitter import Quitter
demosModules =['demoDlg','demoCheck','demoRadio','demoScale']
parts =[]
def addComponents(root):
    for demo in demosModules:
        module=__import__(demo)
        part =module.Demo(root)
        part.config(bd=2,relief=GROOVE)
        part.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
        parts.append(part)
def dumpState():
    for part in parts:
        print(part.__module__+':')
        if hasattr(part,'report'):
            part.report()
        else:
            print('none')

root=Tk()
root.title('主框架'.decode('gbk'))
Label(root,text ='多个框结构实例'.decode('gbk'),bg='white').pack()
Button(root,text ='状态'.decode('gbk'),command=dumpState).pack(fill=X)
Quitter(root).pack(fill=X)
addComponents(root)
root.iconbitmap('C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\bg.ico')   
root.mainloop()

Buttonbar

"""
check and radio button bar classes for apps that fetch state later
pass a list of options ,call state(),variable details automated
"""

from Tkinter import *
class Checkbar(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent= None,picks =[],side=LEFT,anchor=W):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.vars=[]
        for pick in picks:
            var = IntVar()
            chk =Checkbutton(self,text =pick,variable =var)
            chk.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor,expand=YES)
            self.vars.append(var)
    def state(self):
        return [var.get() for var in self.vars]
class Radiobar(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None,picks=[],side=LEFT,anchor=W):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.var=StringVar()
        self.var.set(picks[0])
        for pick in picks:
            rad =Radiobutton(self,text =pick,value=pick,variable=self.var)
            rad.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor)
    def state(self):
        return self.var.get()
    
if __name__=='__main__':
    root=Tk()
    lng=Checkbar(root,['python','C#','Jave','C++'])
    gui=Radiobar(root,['Win','x86','mac'],side =TOP,anchor=NW)
    tgl=Checkbar(root,['All'])
    
    gui.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)
    lng.pack(side=TOP,fill=X)
    tgl.pack(side=LEFT)
    lng.config(relief=GROOVE,bd=2)
    gui.config(relief=RIDGE,bd=2)
    
    def allstates():
        print(gui.state(),lng.state(),tgl.state())
    from quitter import Quitter
    Quitter(root).pack(side=RIGHT)
    Button(root,text ='Peek',command=allstates).pack()
    root.mainloop()

ButtonPic

from Tkinter import *
from glob import glob
import demoCheck
import random
gifdir='C:\Users\xlian7164584\Documents\GitHub\R_D\gif\'

def draw():
    name,photo =random.choice(images)
    lbl.config(text =name)
    pix.config(image=photo)
    
root =Tk()
lbl=Label(root,text ='none',bg='blue',fg='red')
pix=Button(root,text ='press me',command=draw,bg='white')
lbl.pack(fill=BOTH)
pix.pack(pady=10)
demoCheck.Demo(root,relief=SUNKEN,bd=2).pack(fill=BOTH)

files=glob(gifdir+'*.gif')
images=[(x,PhotoImage(file=x)) for x in files]
print files
root.mainloop()

ListBox

"a simple customizable scrolled listbox component"
from Tkinter import *

class ScrolledList(Frame):
    def __init__(self,options,parent=None):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)     # make me expandable
        self.makeWidgets(options)
    def handleList(self,event):
        index = self.listbox.curselection()   # on list double-click
        label = self.listbox.get(index)       # fetch selection text
        self.runCommand(label)                # and call action here or get(ACTIVE)
        
    def makeWidgets(self,options):
        sbar=Scrollbar(self)
        list=Listbox(self,relief=SUNKEN)
        sbar.config(command=list.yview)             #xlink sbar and list
        list.config(yscrollcommand=sbar.set,fg='blue')        # move one moves other
        sbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                #pack first=clip last
        list.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill = BOTH) # list clipped first
        pos=0
        for label in options:                       # add to listbox
            list.insert(pos,label)                   # or insert(END,label)
            pos+=1                                   # or enumerate(options)
        #list.config(selectmode=SINGLE,setgrid=1)    # select ,resize modes
        list.bind('<Double-1>',self.handleList)      # set event handler
        list.bind('<Button-1>',self.handleLeftClick) # mouse button clicks
        list.bind('<KeyPress>',self.onkeyPress)      # all key press
        list.bind('<B1-Motion>',self.onLeftDrag)     #click and draw
        self.listbox=list
    def runCommand(self,selection):
        print('you selected:',selection)
        
    def onkeyPress(self,event):
        print('got key press:',event.char)
        
    def handleLeftClick(self,event):
        print('mouse button press')
        self.showPosEvent(event)
    
    def onLeftDrag(self,event):
        print('got left mouse button draw')
        self.showPosEvent(event)
        
    def showPosEvent(self,event):
        print('widget =%s X=%s, Y=%s' % (event.widget,event.x,event.y))

if __name__ =='__main__':
    options =(('listbox and event %s' % x) for x in range(20))
    ScrolledList(options).mainloop()