• 视频识别 动作识别 实时异常行为识别 等所有行为识别


    文章目录

    大家好,我是cv君,很多大创,比赛,项目,工程,科研,学术的炼丹术士问我上述这些识别,该怎么做,怎么选择框架,今天可以和大家分析一下一些方案:

    用单帧目标检测做的话,前后语义相关性很差(也有优化版),效果不能达到实际项目需求,尤其是在误检上较难,并且目标检测是需要大量数据来拟合的。标注需求极大。

    用姿态加目标检测结合的方式,效果是很不错的,不过一些这样类似Two stage的方案,速度较慢(也有很多实时的),同样有着一些不能通过解决时间上下文的问题。

    即:摔倒检测 我们正常是应该有一个摔倒过程,才能被判断为摔倒的,而不是人倒下的就一定是摔倒(纯目标检测弊病)

    运动检测 比如引体向上,和高抬腿计数,球类运动,若是使用目标检测做,那么会出现什么问题呢? 引体向上无法实现动作是否规范(当然可以通过后处理判断下巴是否过框,效果是不够人工智能的),高抬腿计数,目标检测是无法计数的,判断人物的球类运动,目标检测是有很大的误检的:第一种使用球检测,误检很大,第二种使用打球手势检测,遇到人物遮挡球类,就无法识别目标,在标注上也需要大量数据

    今天cv君铺垫了这么多,只是为了给大家推荐一个全新出炉视频序列检测方法,目前代码已开源至Githubhttps://github.com/xiaobingchan/CV-Action 欢迎star~

    欢迎移步。只需要很少的训练数据,就可以拟合哦!不信你来试试吧~几个训练集即可。

    神经网络使用的是这两个月开源的实时动作序列强分类神经网络:realtimenet 。

    我的github将收集 所有的上述说到的动作序列视频数据,训练出能实用的检测任务:目前实现了手势控制的检测,等等,大家欢迎关注公众号,后续会接着更新。

    开始

    目前以手势和运动识别为例子,因为cv君没什么数据哈哈

    项目演示:

    本人做的没转gif,所以大家可以看看其他的演示效果图,跟我的是几乎一样的~ 只是训练数据不同
    在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述

    在这里插入图片描述
    在这里插入图片描述

    一、 基本过程和思想

    基本思想是将数据集中视频及分类标签转换为图像(视频帧)和其对应的分类标签,也可以不标注,单独给一个小视频标注上分类类别,再采用CNN网络对图像进行训练学习和测试,将视频分类问题转化为图形分类问题。具体步骤包括:

    (1) 对每个视频(训练和测试视频)以一定的FPS截出视频帧(jpegs)保存为训练集和测试集,将对图像的分类性能作为所对应视频的分类性能

    (2)训练一个人物等特征提取模型,并采用模型融合策略,一个特征提取,一个分类模型。特征工程部分通用人物行为,分类模型,训练自己的类别的分类模型即可。

    (4) 训练完成后载入模型对test set内所有的视频帧进行检查验证,得出全测试集上的top1准确率和top5准确率输出。

    (5)实时检测。

    二 、视频理解还有哪些优秀框架

    第一个 就是我github这个了,比较方便,但不敢排前几,因为没有什么集成,

    然后MMaction ,就是视频理解框架了,众所周知,他们家的东西很棒

    第二个就是facebook家的一些了,

    再下来基本上就不多了,全面好用的实时框架。

    好,所以我们先来说说我的使用过程。

    三、效果体验~使用

    体验官方的一些模型 (模型我已经放在里面了)

    pip install -r requirements.txt
    

    将模型放置此处:

    resources
    ├── backbone
    │   ├── strided_inflated_efficientnet.ckpt
    │   └── strided_inflated_mobilenet.ckpt
    ├── fitness_activity_recognition
    │   └── ...
    ├── gesture_recognition
    │   └── ...
    └── ...
    

    首先,请试用我们提供的演示。在sense/examples目录中,您将找到3个Python脚本, run_gesture_recognition.py ,健身_跟踪器 run_fitness_tracker.py .py,并运行卡路里_估算 run_calorie_estimation .py. 启动每个演示就像在终端中运行脚本一样简单,如下所述。

    手势:

    cd examples/

    python run_gesture_recognition.py

    健身_跟踪器:

    python examples/run_fitness_tracker.py --weight=65 --age=30 --height=170 --gender=female
    
      --camera_id=CAMERA_ID           ID of the camera to stream from
      --path_in=FILENAME              Video file to stream from. This assumes that the video was encoded at 16 fps.
    

    卡路里计算

    python examples/run_calorie_estimation.py --weight=65 --age=30 --height=170 --gender=female
    

    三、训练自己数据集步骤

    首先 clone一下我的github,或者原作者github,

    然后自己录制几个视频,比如我这里capture 一个类别,录制了几个视频,可以以MP4 或者avi后缀,再来个类别,再录制一些视频,以名字为类别。

    然后

    cd toolssense_studiosense_studio.py
    
    • 1

    这一步,会显示:

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ZHcMZyRC-1614669575240)(D:CSDNpic_newsense1614657924104.png)]

    然后,打开这个网址:

    来到前端界面

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-wv6folha-1614669575241)(./sense1614658174416.png)]

    点击一下start new project

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-EEhm0qcY-1614669575243)(./sense1614658199676.png)]

    这样编写

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Dp8HRoE2-1614669575244)(./sense1614658272219.png)]

    然后点击create project 即可制作数据。

    但是官方的制作方法是有着严重bug的~我们该怎么做呢!

    下面,我修改后,可以这样!

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-0tBCyoPd-1614669575245)(./sense1614660437833.png)]

    这里请仔细看:

    我们在sense_studio 文件夹下,新建一个文件夹:我叫他cvdemo1

    然后新建两个文件夹:videos_train 和videos_valid 里面存放的capture是你的类别名字的数据集,capture存放相关的训练集,click存放click的训练集,同样的videos_valid 存放验证集,

    在cvdemo1文件夹下新建project_config.json ,里面写什么呢? 可以复制我的下面的代码:

    {
      "name": "cvdemo1", 
      "date_created": "2021-02-03",
      "classes": {
        "capture": [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ],
        "click": [
          "click",
          "click"
        ]
      }
    }
    

    里面的name 改成你的文件夹名字即可。

    就这么简单!

    然后就可以训练:
    python train_classifier.py 你可以将main中修改一下。

    将path in修改成我们的训练数据地址,即可,其他的修改不多,就按照我的走即可,

        # Parse arguments
        # args = docopt(__doc__)
        path_in = './sense_studio/cvdemo1/'
        path_out = path_in
        os.makedirs(path_out, exist_ok=True)
        use_gpu = True
        path_annotations_train = None
        path_annotations_valid =None
        num_layers_to_finetune = 9
        temporal_training = False
    
        # Load feature extractor
        feature_extractor = feature_extractors.StridedInflatedEfficientNet()
        checkpoint = torch.load('../resources/backbone/strided_inflated_efficientnet.ckpt')
        feature_extractor.load_state_dict(checkpoint)
        feature_extractor.eval()
    
        # Get the require temporal dimension of feature tensors in order to
        # finetune the provided number of layers.
        if num_layers_to_finetune > 0:
            num_timesteps = feature_extractor.num_required_frames_per_layer.get(-num_layers_to_finetune)
            if not num_timesteps:
                # Remove 1 because we added 0 to temporal_dependencies
                num_layers = len(feature_extractor.num_required_frames_per_layer) - 1
                raise IndexError(f'Num of layers to finetune not compatible. '
                                 f'Must be an integer between 0 and {num_layers}')
        else:
            num_timesteps = 1
    

    训练特别快,10分钟即可,

    然后,你可以运行run_custom_classifier.py

       # Parse arguments
        # args = docopt(__doc__)
        camera_id = 0
        path_in = None
        path_out = None
        custom_classifier = './sense_studio/cvdemo1/'
        title = None
        use_gpu = True
    
        # Load original feature extractor
        feature_extractor = feature_extractors.StridedInflatedEfficientNet()
        feature_extractor.load_weights_from_resources('../resources/backbone/strided_inflated_efficientnet.ckpt')
        # feature_extractor = feature_extractors.StridedInflatedMobileNetV2()
        # feature_extractor.load_weights_from_resources(r'../resourcesackbonestrided_inflated_mobilenet.ckpt')
        checkpoint = feature_extractor.state_dict()
    
        # Load custom classifier
        checkpoint_classifier = torch.load(os.path.join(custom_classifier, 'classifier.checkpoint'))
        # Update original weights in case some intermediate layers have been finetuned
        name_finetuned_layers = set(checkpoint.keys()).intersection(checkpoint_classifier.keys())
        for key in name_finetuned_layers:
            checkpoint[key] = checkpoint_classifier.pop(key)
        feature_extractor.load_state_dict(checkpoint)
        feature_extractor.eval()
        print('[debug] net:', feature_extractor)
        with open(os.path.join(custom_classifier, 'label2int.json')) as file:
            class2int = json.load(file)
        INT2LAB = {value: key for key, value in class2int.items()}
    
        gesture_classifier = LogisticRegression(num_in=feature_extractor.feature_dim,
                                                num_out=len(INT2LAB))
        gesture_classifier.load_state_dict(checkpoint_classifier)
        gesture_classifier.eval()
        print(gesture_classifier)
    
    

    同样修改路径即可。

    结果就可以实时检测了

    原代码解读

    同样的,我们使用的是使用efficienct 来做的特征,你也可以改成mobilenet 来做,有示例代码,就是训练的时候,用mobilenet ,检测的时候也是,只需要修改几行代码即可。

    efficienct 提取特征部分代码:

    class StridedInflatedEfficientNet(StridedInflatedMobileNetV2):
    
        def __init__(self):
    
            super().__init__()
    
            self.cnn = nn.Sequential(
                ConvReLU(3, 32, 3, stride=2),
                InvertedResidual(32, 24, 3, spatial_stride=1),
                InvertedResidual(24, 32, 3, spatial_stride=2, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(32, 32, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(32, 32, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(32, 32, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(32, 56, 5, spatial_stride=2, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(56, 56, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True, temporal_stride=True),
                InvertedResidual(56, 56, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(56, 56, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(56, 112, 3, spatial_stride=2, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(112, 112, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(112, 112, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(112, 112, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(112, 112, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True, temporal_stride=True),
                InvertedResidual(112, 112, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(112, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(160, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(160, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(160, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(160, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(160, 160, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(160, 272, 5, spatial_stride=2, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6, temporal_shift=True),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 272, 5, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                InvertedResidual(272, 448, 3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=6),
                ConvReLU(448, 1280, 1)
            )
    
    

    这个InvertedResidual 在这,

    class InvertedResidual(nn.Module):  # noqa: D101
    
        def __init__(self, in_planes, out_planes, spatial_kernel_size=3, spatial_stride=1, expand_ratio=1,
                     temporal_shift=False, temporal_stride=False, sparse_temporal_conv=False):
            super().__init__()
            assert spatial_stride in [1, 2]
            hidden_dim = round(in_planes * expand_ratio)
            self.use_residual = spatial_stride == 1 and in_planes == out_planes
            self.temporal_shift = temporal_shift
            self.temporal_stride = temporal_stride
    
            layers = []
            if expand_ratio != 1:
                # Point-wise expansion
                stride = 1 if not temporal_stride else (2, 1, 1)
                if temporal_shift and sparse_temporal_conv:
                    convlayer = SteppableSparseConv3dAs2d
                    kernel_size = 1
                elif temporal_shift:
                    convlayer = SteppableConv3dAs2d
                    kernel_size = (3, 1, 1)
                else:
                    convlayer = nn.Conv2d
                    kernel_size = 1
                layers.append(ConvReLU(in_planes, hidden_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride,
                                       padding=0, convlayer=convlayer))
    
            layers.extend([
                # Depth-wise convolution
                ConvReLU(hidden_dim, hidden_dim, kernel_size=spatial_kernel_size, stride=spatial_stride,
                         groups=hidden_dim),
                # Point-wise mapping
                nn.Conv2d(hidden_dim, out_planes, 1, 1, 0),
                # nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes)
            ])
            self.conv = nn.Sequential(*layers)
    
        def forward(self, input_):  # noqa: D102
            output_ = self.conv(input_)
            residual = self.realign(input_, output_)
            if self.use_residual:
                output_ += residual
            return output_
    
        def realign(self, input_, output_):  # noqa: D102
            n_out = output_.shape[0]
            if self.temporal_stride:
                indices = [-1 - 2 * idx for idx in range(n_out)]
                return input_[indices[::-1]]
            else:
                return input_[-n_out:]
    
    
    
    

    我们finetune自己的数据集

    def extract_features(path_in, net, num_layers_finetune, use_gpu, num_timesteps=1):
        # Create inference engine
        inference_engine = engine.InferenceEngine(net, use_gpu=use_gpu)
    
        # extract features
        for dataset in ["train", "valid"]:
            videos_dir = os.path.join(path_in, f"videos_{dataset}")
            features_dir = os.path.join(path_in, f"features_{dataset}_num_layers_to_finetune={num_layers_finetune}")
            video_files = glob.glob(os.path.join(videos_dir, "*", "*.avi"))
    
            print(f"
    Found {len(video_files)} videos to process in the {dataset}set")
    
            for video_index, video_path in enumerate(video_files):
                print(f"
    Extract features from video {video_index + 1} / {len(video_files)}",
                      end="")
                path_out = video_path.replace(videos_dir, features_dir).replace(".mp4", ".npy")
    
                if os.path.isfile(path_out):
                    print("
    	Skipped - feature was already precomputed.")
                else:
                    # Read all frames
                    compute_features(video_path, path_out, inference_engine,
                                     num_timesteps=num_timesteps, path_frames=None, batch_size=16)
    
            print('
    ')
    
    

    构建数据的dataloader

    def generate_data_loader(dataset_dir, features_dir, tags_dir, label_names, label2int,
                             label2int_temporal_annotation, num_timesteps=5, batch_size=16, shuffle=True,
                             stride=4, path_annotations=None, temporal_annotation_only=False,
                             full_network_minimum_frames=MODEL_TEMPORAL_DEPENDENCY):
        # Find pre-computed features and derive corresponding labels
        tags_dir = os.path.join(dataset_dir, tags_dir)
        features_dir = os.path.join(dataset_dir, features_dir)
        labels_string = []
        temporal_annotation = []
        if not path_annotations:
            # Use all pre-computed features
            features = []
            labels = []
            for label in label_names:
                feature_temp = glob.glob(f'{features_dir}/{label}/*.npy')
                features += feature_temp
                labels += [label2int[label]] * len(feature_temp)
                labels_string += [label] * len(feature_temp)
        else:
            with open(path_annotations, 'r') as f:
                annotations = json.load(f)
            features = ['{}/{}/{}.npy'.format(features_dir, entry['label'],
                                              os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(entry['file']))[0])
                        for entry in annotations]
            labels = [label2int[entry['label']] for entry in annotations]
            labels_string = [entry['label'] for entry in annotations]
    
        # check if annotation exist for each video
        for label, feature in zip(labels_string, features):
            classe_mapping = {0: "counting_background",
                              1: f'{label}_position_1', 2:
                                  f'{label}_position_2'}
            temporal_annotation_file = feature.replace(features_dir, tags_dir).replace(".npy", ".json")
            if os.path.isfile(temporal_annotation_file):
                annotation = json.load(open(temporal_annotation_file))["time_annotation"]
                annotation = np.array([label2int_temporal_annotation[classe_mapping[y]] for y in annotation])
                temporal_annotation.append(annotation)
            else:
                temporal_annotation.append(None)
    
        if temporal_annotation_only:
            features = [x for x, y in zip(features, temporal_annotation) if y is not None]
            labels = [x for x, y in zip(labels, temporal_annotation) if y is not None]
            temporal_annotation = [x for x in temporal_annotation if x is not None]
    
        # Build dataloader
        dataset = FeaturesDataset(features, labels, temporal_annotation,
                                  num_timesteps=num_timesteps, stride=stride,
                                  full_network_minimum_frames=full_network_minimum_frames)
        data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset, shuffle=shuffle, batch_size=batch_size)
    
        return data_loader
    
    

    如何实时检测视频序列的?

    这个问题,主要是通过 系列时间内帧间图像组合成一个序列,送到网络中进行分类的,可以在许多地方找到相关参数,比如 display.py :

    class DisplayClassnameOverlay(BaseDisplay):
        """
        Display recognized class name as a large video overlay. Once the probability for a class passes the threshold,
        the name is shown and stays visible for a certain duration.
        """
    
        def __init__(
                self,
                thresholds: Dict[str, float],
                duration: float = 2.,
                font_scale: float = 3.,
                thickness: int = 2,
                border_size: int = 50,
                **kwargs
        ):
            """
            :param thresholds:
                Dictionary of thresholds for all classes.
            :param duration:
                Duration in seconds how long the class name should be displayed after it has been recognized.
            :param font_scale:
                Font scale factor for modifying the font size.
            :param thickness:
                Thickness of the lines used to draw the text.
            :param border_size:
                Height of the border on top of the video display. Used for correctly centering the displayed class name
                on the video.
            """
            super().__init__(**kwargs)
            self.thresholds = thresholds
            self.duration = duration
            self.font_scale = font_scale
            self.thickness = thickness
            self.border_size = border_size
    
            self._current_class_name = None
            self._start_time = None
    
        def _get_center_coordinates(self, img: np.ndarray, text: str):
            textsize = cv2.getTextSize(text, FONT, self.font_scale, self.thickness)[0]
    
            height, width, _ = img.shape
            height -= self.border_size
    
            x = int((width - textsize[0]) / 2)
            y = int((height + textsize[1]) / 2) + self.border_size
    
            return x, y
    
        def _display_class_name(self, img: np.ndarray, class_name: str):
            pos = self._get_center_coordinates(img, class_name)
            put_text(img, class_name, position=pos, font_scale=self.font_scale, thickness=self.thickness)
    
        def display(self, img: np.ndarray, display_data: dict):
            now = time.perf_counter()
    
            if self._current_class_name and now - self._start_time < self.duration:
                # Keep displaying the same class name
                self._display_class_name(img, self._current_class_name)
            else:
                self._current_class_name = None
                for class_name, proba in display_data['sorted_predictions']:
                    if class_name in self.thresholds and proba > self.thresholds[class_name]:
                        # Display new class name
                        self._display_class_name(img, class_name)
                        self._current_class_name = class_name
                        self._start_time = now
                        break
            return img
    
    
    
    

    每个类别只需要5个左右的视频,即可得到不错的效果嗷~
    欢迎Star github~

    .

    任何程序错误,以及技术疑问或需要解答的,请扫码添加作者VX::1755337994

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luyanjie/p/14673133.html
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