（2）ansible主机清单文件inventory

1）inventory作用

作用：通常用于定义要管理主机的认证信息，例如ssh登录用户名，密码等相关信息
缺省文件：/etc/ansible/hosts

2）定义主机组方式

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32

[root@localhost ~]# ansible webservers -uroot -k -m ping -o
SSH password: 
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

3）批量定义主机

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.1.[31:34]

[root@localhost ~]# ansible webservers -uroot -k -m ping -o
SSH password: 
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

4）内置参数：用户名和密码；命令行不用输入-u和-k选项

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.1.[31:32] ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='redhat'

[root@localhost ~]# ansible webservers  -m ping -o
SSH password: 
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

5）内置参数：ssh端口

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.1.[31:32] ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='redhat' ansible_ssh_port='22'

6）vars变量 ：定义主机的内置参数

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.1.[31:32]
[webservers:vars]
ansible_ssh_user='root'
ansible_ssh_pass='redhat'
ansible_ssh_port='22'

7）子组分类变量：children

#vim /etc/ansible/hosts 
[nginx]
192.168.1.31
[apache]
192.168.1.32
[webservers:children]
apache
nginx
[webservers:vars]
ansible_ssh_user='root'
ansible_ssh_pass='redhat'
ansible_ssh_port='22'

[root@localhost ~]# ansible webservers -m ping -o
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
[root@localhost ~]# ansible nginx -m ping -o
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
[root@localhost ~]# ansible apache -m ping -o
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

8）自定义主机清单文件

[root@localhost ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/webservices webservers -m ping -o
192.168.1.31 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
192.168.1.32 | SUCCESS => {"changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

9）查看组中的主机列表

[root@localhost ~]# ansible webservers --list-host
  hosts (2):
    192.168.1.32
    192.168.1.31
[root@localhost ~]# ansible nginx  --list-host
  hosts (1):
    192.168.1.31