TypeScript接口
接口是一种规范的定义,它定义了行为和动作的规范;在程序设计里面,接口起到一种限制和规范的作用。接口定义了某一批类所需要遵守的规范,接口不关心这些类的内部状态数据,也不关心这些类里方法的实现细节,它只规定这批类里必须提供某些方法,提供这些方法的类就可以满足实际需要。
一、接口类别:
1、属性接口:对传入对象的约束
interface IPeople {
name:string;
age:number;
}
function printPeople(person:IPeople) {
console.log("姓名:"+person.name);
console.log("年龄:"+person.age);
}
printPeople({name:'张三',age:25}); //正确
printPeople("123");//错误
printPeople({name:'李四',age:26,sex:'男'});//错误
可选接口:接口中的属性是可选的
interface IPeople {
name:string;
age?:number;
}
function printPeople(person:IPeople) {
console.log("姓名:"+person.name);
console.log("年龄:"+person.age);
}
printPeople({name:'张三',age:25}); //正确
printPeople({name:'王五'}); //不传age也可以,但是接口中age后必须带?
printPeople("123");//错误
printPeople({name:'李四',age:26,sex:'男'});//错误
2、函数类型接口:对方法传入的参数以及返回值进行约束
//加密的函数类型接口
interface encrypt {
(key:string,value:string):string;
}
var md5:encrypt = function (key:string,value:string):string {
return key+value;
}
console.log(md5('deyun','Web前端'))
3、可索引接口:对数组和对象的约束(不常用)
//对数组的约束
interface UserArr {
[index:number]:string; //字符串类型数组,数组的索引为number类型
}
var arr: UserArr = ["12","李四","aaa"];//正确
var arr1: UserArr = [1,"李四",a]; //错误
//对对象的约束
interface UserObj {
[index:string]:string;
}
var obj:UserObj = { "姓名":"张三","性别":"男" }; //正确
var obj1: UserObj = []; //错误
4、类类型接口:对类的约束
interface IAnimal {
sleep(): void;
eat(): void;
}
class Dog implements IAnimal{
eat(): void {
console.log("狗狗在吃肉...");
}
sleep(): void {
console.log("狗狗在睡觉:呼呼...")
}
}
二、接口继承:接口继承就是说接口可以通过其他接口来扩展自己。TypeScript 允许接口继承多个接口。继承使用关键字 extends。
1、单接口继承语法格式:
Child_interface_name extends super_interface_name
示例:
interface Shape {
color: string;
}
interface Square extends Shape {
sideLength: number;
}
let square = <Square>{};
square.color = "blue";
square.sideLength = 10;
console.log(square)
2、多接口继承语法格式:
Child_interface_name extends super_interface1_name
示例:
interface Shape {
color: string;
}
interface PenStroke {
penWidth: number;
}
interface Square extends Shape, PenStroke {
sideLength: number;
}
let square1 = <Square>{};
square1.color = "blue";
square1.sideLength = 10;
square1.penWidth = 5.0;
console.log(square1)