• SpringCloud教程二:Ribbon(Finchley版)


    在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

    一、ribbon简介

    Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

    —–摘自官网

    ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

    ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:

    • IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

    • IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

    • IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

    • ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

    • ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

    • ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

    二、准备工作

    这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动eureka-client工程,它的端口为8882;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8883,并启动,这时你会发现:eureka-client在eureka-server注册了2个实例,我将端口又换成8886,这样就往eureka-server中注册了三个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。如下图可以看到图标显示为3,说明同时启动了三个实例。

    如何在idea下启动多个实例,请参照这篇文章: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139

    访问localhost:8881如图所示: 如何一个工程启动多个实例,请看这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139

    三、建一个服务消费者

    重新建一个Maven工程,其中pom如下:

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     3          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     4          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     5     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     6 
     7     <groupId>com.liumy</groupId>
     8     <artifactId>ribbon-f-2</artifactId>
     9     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    10     <packaging>pom</packaging>
    11 
    12     <parent>
    13         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    14         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    15         <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    16         <relativePath/>
    17     </parent>
    18 
    19     <modules>
    20         <module>service-ribbon</module>
    21     </modules>
    22 
    23     <properties>
    24         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    25         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    26         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    27         <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    28     </properties>
    29 
    30     <dependencies>
    31         <dependency>
    32             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    33             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    34             <scope>test</scope>
    35         </dependency>
    36     </dependencies>
    37 
    38     <dependencyManagement>
    39         <dependencies>
    40             <dependency>
    41                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    42                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    43                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
    44                 <type>pom</type>
    45                 <scope>import</scope>
    46             </dependency>
    47         </dependencies>
    48     </dependencyManagement>
    49 
    50     <build>
    51         <plugins>
    52             <plugin>
    53                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    54                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    55             </plugin>
    56         </plugins>
    57     </build>
    58 
    59 </project>

    再重新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon; 在它的pom.xml继承了父pom文件,并引入了以下依赖:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.liumy</groupId>
            <artifactId>ribbon-f-2</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.liumy</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-ribbon</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
        </dependencies>
    
    
    </project>

    在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8881/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8884。配置文件application.yml如下:

    1 eureka:
    2   client:
    3     serviceUrl:
    4       defaultZone: http://localhost:8881/eureka/
    5 server:
    6   port: 8884
    7 spring:
    8   application:
    9     name: service-ribbon

    在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。

     1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
     4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
     5 import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
     6 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
     7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
     8 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
     9 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    10 
    11 @EnableEurekaClient
    12 @SpringBootApplication
    13 @EnableDiscoveryClient//通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册
    14 public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
    15 
    16     public static void main(String[] args) {
    17         SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    18     }
    19 
    20     @Bean//向程序的ioc注入一个bean
    21     @LoadBalanced//通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
    22     RestTemplate restTemplate(){
    23         return new RestTemplate();
    24     }
    25 }

    写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费eureka-client服务的“/hello”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:

     1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
     5 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
     6 
     7 /**
     8  * @ClassName HelloService
     9  * @Descroption TODO ribbon测试service
    10  * @Author Yubaba
    11  * @Date 2019/10/20 15:11
    12  **/
    13 @Service
    14 public class HelloService {
    15 
    16     @Autowired
    17     RestTemplate restTemplate;
    18 
    19     public String HelloService(String name){
    20         return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hello?name="+name,String.class);
    21     }
    22 }

    写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:

     1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
     4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
     5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
     6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     7 
     8 /**
     9  * @ClassName HelloController
    10  * @Descroption TODO ribbon测试controller
    11  * @Author Yubaba
    12  * @Date 2019/10/20 15:15
    13  **/
    14 @RestController
    15 public class HelloController {
    16 
    17     @Autowired
    18     HelloService helloService;
    19 
    20     @GetMapping("helloController")
    21     public String helloController(@RequestParam("name")String name){
    22         return helloService.HelloService(name);
    23     }
    24 
    25 }

    在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8884/helloController?name=测试,浏览器交替显示:

     

     

     这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hello?name=”+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

    四、此时的架构

     (图例来源于网络,为了方便理解)

     

    • 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8881
    • service-hi工程跑了三个实例,端口分别为8882,8883,8886,分别向服务注册中心注册
    • sercvice-ribbon端口为8884,向服务注册中心注册
    • 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用eureka-client:8882、8883和8886 三个端口的hello接口

    五、参考资料

    本文参考了以下:

    http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69788938

    http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley.RELEASE/single/spring-cloud.html

     

    注:本篇为原创文章,其中的过程与实现是参考某BAT顶级架构师的教学完成。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lmyupupblogs/p/11707972.html
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