在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。
一、ribbon简介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
—–摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:
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IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
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IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
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IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
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ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
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ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
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ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、准备工作
这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动eureka-client工程,它的端口为8882;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8883,并启动,这时你会发现:eureka-client在eureka-server注册了2个实例,我将端口又换成8886,这样就往eureka-server中注册了三个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。如下图可以看到图标显示为3,说明同时启动了三个实例。
如何在idea下启动多个实例,请参照这篇文章: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139
访问localhost:8881如图所示: 如何一个工程启动多个实例,请看这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139
三、建一个服务消费者
重新建一个Maven工程,其中pom如下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> 5 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 6 7 <groupId>com.liumy</groupId> 8 <artifactId>ribbon-f-2</artifactId> 9 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 10 <packaging>pom</packaging> 11 12 <parent> 13 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 14 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> 15 <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> 16 <relativePath/> 17 </parent> 18 19 <modules> 20 <module>service-ribbon</module> 21 </modules> 22 23 <properties> 24 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 25 <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> 26 <java.version>1.8</java.version> 27 <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> 28 </properties> 29 30 <dependencies> 31 <dependency> 32 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 33 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> 34 <scope>test</scope> 35 </dependency> 36 </dependencies> 37 38 <dependencyManagement> 39 <dependencies> 40 <dependency> 41 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 42 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> 43 <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> 44 <type>pom</type> 45 <scope>import</scope> 46 </dependency> 47 </dependencies> 48 </dependencyManagement> 49 50 <build> 51 <plugins> 52 <plugin> 53 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 54 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> 55 </plugin> 56 </plugins> 57 </build> 58 59 </project>
再重新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon; 在它的pom.xml继承了父pom文件,并引入了以下依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.liumy</groupId> <artifactId>ribbon-f-2</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.liumy</groupId> <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>service-ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8881/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8884。配置文件application.yml如下:
1 eureka: 2 client: 3 serviceUrl: 4 defaultZone: http://localhost:8881/eureka/ 5 server: 6 port: 8884 7 spring: 8 application: 9 name: service-ribbon
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; 6 import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; 7 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; 8 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 9 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 10 11 @EnableEurekaClient 12 @SpringBootApplication 13 @EnableDiscoveryClient//通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册 14 public class ServiceRibbonApplication { 15 16 public static void main(String[] args) { 17 SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args); 18 } 19 20 @Bean//向程序的ioc注入一个bean 21 @LoadBalanced//通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。 22 RestTemplate restTemplate(){ 23 return new RestTemplate(); 24 } 25 }
写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费eureka-client服务的“/hello”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:
1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; 5 import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; 6 7 /** 8 * @ClassName HelloService 9 * @Descroption TODO ribbon测试service 10 * @Author Yubaba 11 * @Date 2019/10/20 15:11 12 **/ 13 @Service 14 public class HelloService { 15 16 @Autowired 17 RestTemplate restTemplate; 18 19 public String HelloService(String name){ 20 return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hello?name="+name,String.class); 21 } 22 }
写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:
1 package com.liumy.serviceribbon; 2 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; 6 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; 7 8 /** 9 * @ClassName HelloController 10 * @Descroption TODO ribbon测试controller 11 * @Author Yubaba 12 * @Date 2019/10/20 15:15 13 **/ 14 @RestController 15 public class HelloController { 16 17 @Autowired 18 HelloService helloService; 19 20 @GetMapping("helloController") 21 public String helloController(@RequestParam("name")String name){ 22 return helloService.HelloService(name); 23 } 24 25 }
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8884/helloController?name=测试,浏览器交替显示:
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hello?name=”+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。
四、此时的架构
(图例来源于网络,为了方便理解)
- 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8881
- service-hi工程跑了三个实例,端口分别为8882,8883,8886,分别向服务注册中心注册
- sercvice-ribbon端口为8884,向服务注册中心注册
- 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用eureka-client:8882、8883和8886 三个端口的hello接口
五、参考资料
本文参考了以下:
http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69788938
http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Finchley.RELEASE/single/spring-cloud.html