POJ3468 A Simple Problem with Integers

Description

You have N integers, A₁, A₂, ... , A_N. You need to deal with two kinds of operations. One type of operation is to add some given number to each number in a given interval. The other is to ask for the sum of numbers in a given interval.

Input

The first line contains two numbers N and Q. 1 ≤ N,Q ≤ 100000.
The second line contains N numbers, the initial values of A₁, A₂, ... , A_N. -1000000000 ≤ A_i ≤ 1000000000.
Each of the next Q lines represents an operation.
"C a b c" means adding c to each of A_a, A_a+1, ... , A_b. -10000 ≤ c ≤ 10000.
"Q a b" means querying the sum of A_a, A_a+1, ... , A_b.

Output

You need to answer all Q commands in order. One answer in a line.

Sample Input

10 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Q 4 4
Q 1 10
Q 2 4
C 3 6 3
Q 2 4

Sample Output

4
55
9
15

Hint

The sums may exceed the range of 32-bit integers.

Source

POJ Monthly--2007.11.25, Yang Yi

 

 

 

正解：树状数组（区间修改、区间查询）

解题报告：

　　裸题。参考博客：http://blog.csdn.net/longshuai0821/article/details/7855519

　　 首先，看更新操作update(s, t, d)把区间A[s]...A[t]都增加d，我们引入一个数组delta[i]，表示A[i]...A[n]的共同增量，n是数组的大小。那么update操作可以转化为

　　1）令delta[s] = delta[s] + d，表示将A[s]...A[n]同时增加d，但这样A[t+1]...A[n]就多加了d，所以

　　2）再令delta[t+1] = delta[t+1] - d，表示将A[t+1]...A[n]同时减d

 

　　    然后来看查询操作query(s, t)，求A[s]...A[t]的区间和，转化为求前缀和，设sum[i] = A[1]+...+A[i]，则

                            A[s]+...+A[t] = sum[t] - sum[s-1]，

　　那么前缀和sum[x]又如何求呢？它由两部分组成，一是数组的原始和，二是该区间内的累计增量和, 把数组A的原始值保存在数组org中，

　　并且delta[i]对sum[x]的贡献值为delta[i]*(x+1-i)，那么  

　　　　                         sum[x] = org[1]+...+org[x] + delta[1]*x + delta[2]*(x-1) + delta[3]*(x-2)+...+delta[x]*1

                                         = org[1]+...+org[x] + segma(delta[i]*(x+1-i))

                                         = segma(org[i]) + (x+1)*segma(delta[i]) - segma(delta[i]*i)，1 <= i <= x

　　　　　　　　　　=segma(org[i]-delta[i]*i)+(x+1)*delta[i],  i<=1<=x  

　　这其实就是三个数组org[i], delta[i]和delta[i]*i的前缀和，org[i]的前缀和保持不变，事先就可以求出来，delta[i]和delta[i]*i的前缀和是不断变化的，可以用两个树状数组来维护。

//It is made by jump~
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN = 100011;
int n,m;
int a[MAXN];
LL sum[MAXN],c1[MAXN],c2[MAXN],ans;
char ch[12];

inline int getint()
{
       int w=0,q=0; char c=getchar();
       while((c<'0' || c>'9') && c!='-') c=getchar(); if(c=='-') q=1,c=getchar(); 
       while (c>='0' && c<='9') w=w*10+c-'0', c=getchar(); return q ? -w : w;
}

inline void add(LL x,LL val){
    LL cun=x;
    while(x<=n) {
    c1[x]+=val; c2[x]+=val*cun;
    x+=x&(-x);
    }
}

inline LL query(LL x){
    LL total=0; LL cun=x;
    while(x>0) {
    total+=c1[x]*(cun+1)-c2[x];
    x-=x&(-x);
    }
    return total;
}

inline LL count(LL l,LL r){
    return query(r)-query(l-1);
}

inline void work(){
    n=getint(); m=getint(); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) a[i]=getint(),sum[i]=sum[i-1]+a[i];
    int l,r; LL val;
    while(m--) {
    scanf("%s",ch);    
    if(ch[0]=='C') {
        l=getint(); r=getint(); val=getint();
        add(l,val); add(r+1,-val);
    } else{
        l=getint(); r=getint();
        ans=sum[r]-sum[l-1]; ans+=count(l,r);
        printf("%lld
",ans);
    }
    }
}

int main()
{
  work();
  return 0;
}