• Python 操作 MySQL 的正确姿势


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    作者 |邵建永
    编辑 | 顾乡

    使用Python进行MySQL的库主要有三个,Python-MySQL(更熟悉的名字可能是MySQLdb),PyMySQL和SQLAlchemy。

    Python-MySQL资格最老,核心由C语言打造,接口精炼,性能最棒,缺点是环境依赖较多,安装复杂,近两年已停止更新,只支持Python2,不支持Python3。

    PyMySQL为替代Python-MySQL而生,纯python打造,接口与Python-MySQL兼容,安装方便,支持Python3。

    SQLAlchemy是一个ORM框架,它并不提供底层的数据库操作,而是要借助于MySQLdb、PyMySQL等第三方库来完成,目前SQLAlchemy在Web编程领域应用广泛。

    本文主要介绍PyMySQL的正确使用方法,示例代码都是选自实战项目。

    安装

    简单的方式:

    pip install pymysql
    
    

    如果无法联网,需要进行离线安装,例如:

    pip install pymysql-x.x.x.tar.gz
    
    

    导入

    import pymysql
    
    

    连接

    def connect_wxremit_db():
        return pymysql.connect(host='10.123.5.28',
                               port=3306,
                               user='root',
                               password='root1234',
                               database='db_name',
                               charset='latin1')
    
    

    查询

    def query_country_name(cc2):
        sql_str = ("SELECT Fcountry_name_zh"
                    + " FROM t_country_code"
                    + " WHERE Fcountry_2code='%s'" % (cc2))
        logging.info(sql_str)
    
        con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
        cur = con.cursor()
        cur.execute(sql_str)
        rows = cur.fetchall()
        cur.close()
        con.close()
    
        assert len(rows) == 1, 'Fatal error: country_code does not exists!'
        return rows[0][0]
    
    

    简单插入

    def insert_file_rec(self, file_name, file_md5):
            con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
            cur = con.cursor()
            try:
                sql_str = ("INSERT INTO t_forward_file (Ffile_name, Ffile_md5)", 
                           + " VALUES ('%s', '%s')" % (file_name, file_md5))
                cur.execute(sql_str)
                con.commit()
            except:
                con.rollback()
                logging.exception('Insert operation error')
                raise
            finally:
                cur.close()
                con.close()
    
    

    批量插入

    remit_ids = [('1234', 'CAD'), ('5678', 'HKD')]
    
    con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
            cur = con.cursor()
            try:
                    cur.executemany("INSERT INTO t_order (Fremit_id, Fcur_type, Fcreate_time"
                                                    + " VALUES (%s, %s, now())", new_items)
                    assert cur.rowcount == len(remit_ids), 'my error message'
                    con.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                    con.rollback()
                    logging.exception('Insert operation error')
            finally:
                    cur.close()
                    con.close()
    
    

    更新

        def update_refund_trans(self, remit_id):
            con = mysql_api.connect_wxremit_db()
            cur = con.cursor()
            try:
                sql_str = ("SELECT Fremit_id"
                           + " FROM t_wxrefund_trans"
                           + " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
                           + " FOR UPDATE")
                logging.info(sql_str)
    
                cur.execute(sql_str)
                assert cur.rowcount == 1, 'Fatal error: The wx-refund record be deleted!'
    
                sql_str = ("UPDATE t_wxrefund_trans"
                            + " SET Fcheck_amount_flag=1"
                            + ", Fmodify_time=now()"
                            + " WHERE Fremit_id='%s'" % remit_id
                logging.info(sql_str)
                cur.execute(sql_str)
    
                assert cur.rowcount == 1, 'The number of affected rows not equal to 1'
                con.commit()
            except:
                con.rollback()
                logging.exception('Update operation error')
                raise
            finally:
                cur.close()
                con.close()
    
    

    PyMySQL已经相当成熟,和Python-MySQL一样,它在很多Linux发行版本中都是可选的安装组件。


    原文链接:https://www.qcloud.com/community/article/687813

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuliliuli2017/p/6763988.html
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