Openstack入门篇（十六）之Cinder服务的部署与测试

1.理解块存储服务

操作系统获得存储空间的方式一般有两种：

通过某种协议（SAS,SCSI,SAN,iSCSI 等）挂接裸硬盘，然后分区、格式化、创建文件系统；或者直接使用裸硬盘存储数据（数据库）

通过 NFS、CIFS 等协议，mount 远程的文件系统
第一种裸硬盘的方式叫做 Block Storage（块存储），每个裸硬盘通常也称作 Volume（卷）
第二种叫做文件系统存储。NAS 和 NFS 服务器，以及各种分布式文件系统提供的都是这种存储。

OpenStack 提供 Block Storage Service 的是 Cinder，其具体功能是：

①提供 REST API 使用户能够查询和管理 volume、volume snapshot 以及 volume type
②提供 scheduler 调度 volume 创建请求，合理优化存储资源的分配
③通过 driver 架构支持多种 back-end（后端）存储方式，包括 LVM，NFS，Ceph，GlusterFS

2.Cinder 架构以及块存储服务组件介绍

Cinder逻辑架构图：

cinder不是一个存储软件，而是属于管理存储软件。块存储服务通常包含下列组件：

cinder-api: 接受API请求，调用 cinder-volume 执行操作。

cinder-volume：与块存储服务和例如“cinder scheduler”的进程进行交互

cinder-scheduler守护进程：scheduler 通过调度算法选择最合适的存储节点创建 volume，和nova-scheduler类似

cinder-backup daemon：备份进程

消息队列：Cinder 各个子服务通过消息队列实现进程间通信和相互协作。因为有了消息队列，子服务之间实现了解耦，这种松散的结构也是分布式系统的重要特征。

Database：Cinder 有一些数据需要存放到数据库中，一般使用 MySQL。数据库是安装在控制节点上的，比如实验环境中，可以访问名称为“cinder”的数据库。

3.物理部署方案

Cinder 的服务会部署在两类节点上，控制节点和存储节点。
查看当前计算节点cinder的相关服务

[root@linux-node1 ~]# ps -e |grep cinder
 1150 ?        01:19:09 cinder-api
 2025 ?        00:02:15 cinder-api
 3357 ?        00:17:16 cinder-schedule
24069 ?        00:27:01 cinder-volume
24089 ?        00:04:19 cinder-volume

cinder-api和cinder-schedule都部署在控制节点上，这无可厚非，思考：但是cinder-volume是否应该部署在存储节点上呢？
实际上，OpenStack是一个分布式系统，其每个组件的子服务都可以部署在任何节点上，只需要网络可通，这也表明了OpenStack的灵活性。无论哪个节点，只要运行了cinder-volume，它就是一个存储节点。同时，存储节点也可以部署其他组件的子服务。

4.安装组件并配置

（1）安装软件包

[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y openstack-cinder

（2）修改配置：/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[database]      <==配置数据库访问
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@192.168.56.11/cinder
[DEFAULT]       
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11  <==配置RabbitMQ消息队列访问权限
auth_strategy = keystone    <==启动用keystoen认证

[keystone_authtoken]        <==配置认证服务访问
auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000
auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357
memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = cinder

[oslo_concurrency]      <==配置锁路径
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp

查看配置：
[root@linux-node1 ~]# grep "^[a-z]" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf 
auth_strategy = keystone
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@192.168.56.11/cinder
auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000
auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357
memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = cinder
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp

5.初始化块存储服务的数据库，并验证

[root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.56.11 -ucinder -pcinder -e "use cinder;show tables;"

6.配置计算服务以使用块设备存储

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[cinder]
os_region_name=RegionOne

7.完成安装

[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service

8.创建cinder和cinderv2服务实体

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinder 
>   --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volume
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | c63c93beff014724b036a811e2b0d591 |
| name        | cinder                           |
| type        | volume                           |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinderv2 
>   --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | 6829915c1f9745409ca9bda364fe26c4 |
| name        | cinderv2                         |
| type        | volumev2                         |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

9.创建块设备存储服务的API入口点

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volume public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volume internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volume admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volumev2 public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volumev2 internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s

[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
   volumev2 admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service list
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| ID                               | Name     | Type     |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
| 18b41a6647e84ef68c5df6058c2f4eab | glance   | image    |
| 436e446b475a46fa978349211d6c64eb | keystone | identity |
| 613a3d7e61574fdbb7c330f6892a1b50 | neutron  | network  |
| 6829915c1f9745409ca9bda364fe26c4 | cinderv2 | volumev2 |
| 7347593df9034e369d27caf8f0240470 | nova     | compute  |
| c63c93beff014724b036a811e2b0d591 | cinder   | volume   |
+----------------------------------+----------+----------+
[root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint list
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
| ID                               | Region    | Service Name | Service Type | Enabled | Interface | URL                                          |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
| 0ae3e6275b4c4c20a7e8619909726bd4 | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
| 1fba971a2dc6424eaa06ef61c910e739 | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
| 20222ecb6eeb4f378035e79c47810b08 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:5000/v3/                |
| 45fd632b46684fdca9782a1e23b91f8c | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
| 64f9ee02b5d0489598f31e164d40e6df | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| 6cc75ee06e5245059e106e89e1643a92 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
| 77f141dede894dea877d505b60e60de7 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| 7883d0f227a54ac5a0db3ad3a02606df | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
| 7c7b33e8c2ac431aa7380ceeac80fb37 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
| 84e4273b741148e2a2d9c71d2c62da1e | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
| abd82401a31d453ca2e28fc17816fd6c | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
| af72b7e0d3824c1e82663d06c1bd0205 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
| cb6a870ba8a543ee882afe4b07d3c087 | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
| e27bccfa73984db889f9373f288b4c67 | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
| e3a7e437be8a4cf1968c82ceca932d57 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
| e54250bd44384b15b5bbf1bb6eb34337 | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
| eba3e70ff0a44ab28898169f4807145f | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
| f5c7dad4452840d788ed59c905efb3e7 | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
+----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------

10.cinder-scheduler的调度

创建 Volume 时，cinder-scheduler 会基于容量、Volume Type 等条件选择出最合适的存储节点，然后让其创建 Volume。
Filter scheduler 是 cinder-scheduler 默认的调度器。

scheduler_driver = cinder.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler

scheduler 调度过程如下：

通过过滤器（filter）选择满足条件的存储节点（运行 cinder-volume）
通过权重计算（weighting）选择最优（权重值最大）的存储节点。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk/p/9455275.html

Openstack入门篇（十六）之Cinder服务的部署与测试

1.理解块存储服务

2.Cinder 架构以及块存储服务组件介绍

3.物理部署方案

4.安装组件并配置

5.初始化块存储服务的数据库，并验证

6.配置计算服务以使用块设备存储

7.完成安装

8.创建cinder和cinderv2服务实体

9.创建块设备存储服务的API入口点

10.cinder-scheduler的调度