• Asp.NET Core 限流控制-AspNetCoreRateLimit


    起因:

     近期项目中,提供了一些调用频率较高的api接口,需要保障服务器的稳定运行;需要对提供的接口进行限流控制。避免因客户端频繁的请求导致服务器的压力。

    一、AspNetCoreRateLimit 介绍

     AspNetCoreRateLimit是一个ASP.NET Core速率限制的解决方案,旨在控制客户端根据IP地址或客户端ID向Web API或MVC应用发出的请求的速率。AspNetCoreRateLimit包含一个IpRateLimitMiddlewareClientRateLimitMiddleware,每个中间件可以根据不同的场景配置限制允许IP或客户端,自定义这些限制策略,也可以将限制策略应用在每​​个API URL或具体的HTTP Method上。

    二、AspNetCoreRateLimit使用

     由上面介绍可知AspNetCoreRateLimit支持了两种方式:基于客户端IP(IpRateLimitMiddleware)和客户端ID(ClientRateLimitMiddleware)速率限制 接下来就分别说明使用方式

     添加Nuget包引用:

     Install-Package AspNetCoreRateLimit 
    • 基于客户端IP速率限制

      1、修改Startup.cs中方法:

    复制代码
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }
    
        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //需要从加载配置文件appsettings.json
            services.AddOptions();
            //需要存储速率限制计算器和ip规则
            services.AddMemoryCache();
    
            //从appsettings.json中加载常规配置,IpRateLimiting与配置文件中节点对应
            services.Configure<IpRateLimitOptions>(Configuration.GetSection("IpRateLimiting"));
    
            //从appsettings.json中加载Ip规则
            services.Configure<IpRateLimitPolicies>(Configuration.GetSection("IpRateLimitPolicies"));
    
            //注入计数器和规则存储
            services.AddSingleton<IIpPolicyStore, MemoryCacheIpPolicyStore>();
            services.AddSingleton<IRateLimitCounterStore, MemoryCacheRateLimitCounterStore>();
    
            services.AddControllers();
    
            services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
            //配置(解析器、计数器密钥生成器)
            services.AddSingleton<IRateLimitConfiguration, RateLimitConfiguration>();
    
            //Other Code
        }
    
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            //Other Code
    
            app.UseRouting();
    
            app.UseAuthorization();
         //启用客户端IP限制速率
            app.UseIpRateLimiting();
    
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
        }
    }
    复制代码

      2、在appsettings.json中添加通用配置项节点:(IpRateLimiting节点与Startup中取的节点对应)

    复制代码
    "IpRateLimiting": {
      //false,则全局将应用限制,并且仅应用具有作为端点的规则*。例如,如果您设置每秒5次调用的限制,则对任何端点的任何HTTP调用都将计入该限制
      //true, 则限制将应用于每个端点,如{HTTP_Verb}{PATH}。例如,如果您为*:/api/values客户端设置每秒5个呼叫的限制,
      "EnableEndpointRateLimiting": false,
      //false,拒绝的API调用不会添加到调用次数计数器上;如 客户端每秒发出3个请求并且您设置了每秒一个调用的限制,则每分钟或每天计数器等其他限制将仅记录第一个调用,即成功的API调用。如果您希望被拒绝的API调用计入其他时间的显示(分钟,小时等)
    //,则必须设置StackBlockedRequests为true。
    "StackBlockedRequests": false, //Kestrel 服务器背后是一个反向代理,如果你的代理服务器使用不同的页眉然后提取客户端IP X-Real-IP使用此选项来设置 "RealIpHeader": "X-Real-IP", //取白名单的客户端ID。如果此标头中存在客户端ID并且与ClientWhitelist中指定的值匹配,则不应用速率限制。 "ClientIdHeader": "X-ClientId", //限制状态码 "HttpStatusCode": 429, ////IP白名单:支持Ip v4和v6 //"IpWhitelist": [ "127.0.0.1", "::1/10", "192.168.0.0/24" ], ////端点白名单 //"EndpointWhitelist": [ "get:/api/license", "*:/api/status" ], ////客户端白名单 //"ClientWhitelist": [ "dev-id-1", "dev-id-2" ], //通用规则 "GeneralRules": [ { //端点路径 "Endpoint": "*", //时间段,格式:{数字}{单位};可使用单位:s, m, h, d "Period": "1s", //限制 "Limit": 2 },
       //15分钟只能调用100次 {
    "Endpoint": "*","Period": "15m","Limit": 100},
       //12H只能调用1000 {
    "Endpoint": "*","Period": "12h","Limit": 1000},
       //7天只能调用10000次 {
    "Endpoint": "*","Period": "7d","Limit": 10000} ] }
    复制代码

       配置节点已添加相应注释信息。

       规则设置格式:   

    端点格式:{HTTP_Verb}:{PATH},您可以使用asterix符号来定位任何HTTP谓词。

    期间格式:{INT}{PERIOD_TYPE},您可以使用以下期间类型之一:s, m, h, d

    限制格式:{LONG}

      3、特点Ip限制规则设置,在appsettings.json中添加 IP规则配置节点

    复制代码
    "IpRateLimitPolicies": {
      //ip规则
      "IpRules": [
        {
          //IP
          "Ip": "84.247.85.224",
          //规则内容
          "Rules": [
            //1s请求10次
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "1s","Limit": 10},
            //15分钟请求200次
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "15m","Limit": 200}
          ]
        },
        {
          //ip支持设置多个
          "Ip": "192.168.3.22/25",
          "Rules": [
            //1秒请求5次
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "1s","Limit": 5},
            //15分钟请求150次
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "15m","Limit": 150},
            //12小时请求500次
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "12h","Limit": 500}
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
    复制代码
    • 基于客户端ID速率限制

      1、修改Startup文件:

    复制代码
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        //需要从加载配置文件appsettings.json
        services.AddOptions();
    
        //需要存储速率限制计算器和ip规则
        services.AddMemoryCache();
    
        //从appsettings.json中加载常规配置
        services.Configure<ClientRateLimitOptions>(Configuration.GetSection("IPRateLimiting"));
    
        //从appsettings.json中加载客户端规则
        services.Configure<ClientRateLimitPolicies>(Configuration.GetSection("ClientRateLimitPolicies"));
    
        //注入计数器和规则存储
        services.AddSingleton<IClientPolicyStore, MemoryCacheClientPolicyStore>();
        services.AddSingleton<IRateLimitCounterStore, MemoryCacheRateLimitCounterStore>();
    
        
        services.AddControllers();
    
            // https://github.com/aspnet/Hosting/issues/793
            // the IHttpContextAccessor service is not registered by default.
            //注入计数器和规则存储
            services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
    
            //配置(解析器、计数器密钥生成器)
            services.AddSingleton<IRateLimitConfiguration, RateLimitConfiguration>();
    }
    
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
    {
            //启用客户端限制
        app.UseClientRateLimiting();
    
        app.UseMvc();
    }
    复制代码

      2、通用配置采用IP限制相同配置,添加客户端限制配置:

    复制代码
    //客户端限制设置
    "ClientRateLimitPolicies": {
      "ClientRules": [
        {
          //客户端id
          "ClientId": "client-id-1",
          "Rules": [
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "1s","Limit": 10},
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "15m","Limit": 200}
          ]
        },
        {
          "ClientId": "client-id-2",
          "Rules": [
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "1s","Limit": 5},
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "15m","Limit": 150},
            {"Endpoint": "*","Period": "12h","Limit": 500}
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
    复制代码

      3、调用结果:

        设置规则:1s只能调用一次:首次调用

        

         调用第二次:自定义返回内容

         

    三、其他 

    • 运行时更新速率限制

       添加IpRateLimitController控制器:   

    复制代码
    /// <summary>
    /// IP限制控制器
    /// </summary>
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class IpRateLimitController : ControllerBase
    {
    
        private readonly IpRateLimitOptions _options;
        private readonly IIpPolicyStore _ipPolicyStore;
    
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="optionsAccessor"></param>
        /// <param name="ipPolicyStore"></param>
        public IpRateLimitController(IOptions<IpRateLimitOptions> optionsAccessor, IIpPolicyStore ipPolicyStore)
        {
            _options = optionsAccessor.Value;
            _ipPolicyStore = ipPolicyStore;
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取限制规则
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<IpRateLimitPolicies> Get()
        {
            return await _ipPolicyStore.GetAsync(_options.IpPolicyPrefix);
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task Post(IpRateLimitPolicy ipRate)
        {
            var pol = await _ipPolicyStore.GetAsync(_options.IpPolicyPrefix);
            if (ipRate != null)
            {
                pol.IpRules.Add(ipRate);
                await _ipPolicyStore.SetAsync(_options.IpPolicyPrefix, pol);
            }
        }
    }
    复制代码
    • 分布式部署时,需要将速率限制计算器和ip规则存储到分布式缓存中如Redis
      • 修改注入对象
    // inject counter and rules distributed cache stores
    services.AddSingleton<IClientPolicyStore, DistributedCacheClientPolicyStore>();
    services.AddSingleton<IRateLimitCounterStore,DistributedCacheRateLimitCounterStore>();
    复制代码
    services.AddStackExchangeRedisCache(options =>
    {
        options.ConfigurationOptions = new ConfigurationOptions
        {
            //silently retry in the background if the Redis connection is temporarily down
            AbortOnConnectFail = false
        };
        options.Configuration = "localhost:6379";
        options.InstanceName = "AspNetRateLimit";
    });
    复制代码
    • 限制时自定义相应结果:
      复制代码
      //请求返回
          "QuotaExceededResponse": {
            "Content": "{{"code":429,"msg":"Visit too frequently, please try again later","data":null}}",
            "ContentType": "application/json;utf-8",
            "StatusCode": 429
          },
      复制代码

         调用时返回结果:

    其他:

      示例代码:https://github.com/cwsheng/WebAPIVersionDemo

     

    本文转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/cwsheng/p/14458745.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/linmilove/p/14491464.html
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